A new layered multicast scheme known as loss differentiated multicast congestion control architecture is proposed to provide effective congestion control in heterogeneous multicast networks. It is comprised of two components, the random early detection assisted layered multicast (RALM) and the layer marking discovery protocol (LMDP). The RALM protocol utilises the packet marking and priority dr...

TCP uses an implicit feedback based window ow control mechanism. The window size is increased on receipt of an acknowledgement and decreased on detection of a packet loss. Thus a packet loss is used as an indication of congestion in the network. In the course of experiments conducted over the Internet, we have observed that packet losses can occur due to reasons other than congestion. In this p...

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), when used with Random Early Detection (RED) gateways, reduces packet losses and delays of Transport Control Protocol (TCP) based applications. However, choosing the buffer size and optimum parameter values of RED buffers are still open research issues. In this paper, we first present a model to determine the optimal value of RED’s maximum threshold to ach...

<span>Network congestion is still a problem on the internet. The random early detection (RED) algorithm being most notable and widely implemented in routers faces problems of queue instability large delay arising from presence an ineffectual singular linear packet dropping function. This research article presents refinement to RED, named quadratic exponential (QERED) algorithm, which expl...

In this paper, the comparison of various queue management algorithms is done based upon use of CPR and without CPR. Congestion Participation Rate (CPR) is novel metric approach proposed for the detection and prevention of LDDoS attacks. As LDDoS attacks does not decrease the number of sending packets when congestion occurs, but TCP does. We will check the effect of using various queue managemen...

The Problem Urban areas face increasingly acute vehicular traffic congestion. Current methods for measuring traffic flow on a real-time basis are antiquated and limited in their capacity to assess traffic dynamics. Buried inductive loop detectors at intersections are extensively used in the USA and Europe to measure traffic speed, occupancy and volume on freeways and arterials. The data obtaine...

In this work, we investigate mechanisms for Internet congestion control in general, and Random Early Detection (RED) in particular. We first study the current proposals for RED implementation and identify several structural problems such as producing large traffic oscillations and introducing unnecessary overhead in the fast path forwarding. We model RED as a feedback control system and we disc...

The low pass filter (LPF) algorithm, which is used to calculate the average queue length in the random early detection (RED) algorithm, results in a poor response time when RED recovers from congestion. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called low pass filter/over drop avoidance (LPF/ODA), to improve the response time of RED. LPF/ODA is based on reducing the time required by RED to rec...

We propose k-SACK, a TCP variant that has considerably improved throughput characteristics over lossy links. A k-SACK source does not consider every packet loss as an indication of congestion. It uses the Selective Acknowledgement option to estimate a parameter lookaheadloss, which is used in congestion detection. Our results demonstrate that kSACK maintains a steady performance in a non-lossy ...

In this paper, a novel congestion-control scheme with dynamic Burst-Contention Loss notifications in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks is proposed. The proposed scheme, called TCP-BCL, aims to handle various OBS bursty conditions that negatively affect TCP throughput performance and fairness. The basic design principle of the scheme is to tune the congestioncontrol parameters α and β such ...