the telecom services have been recognized the world-over as an important tool for socioeconomic development for a nation and hence telecom infrastructure is treated as a crucial factor to realize the socio-economic objectives in india. accordingly, the department of telecom has been formulating developmental policies for the accelerated growth of the telecommunication services.  bsnl is a wholl...

The Collaborative Multi-Vehicle Arc Routing for Connectivity Problem (MPC-ARCP) is an optimization problem that determines the roads should be unblocked to reconnect communities were cut off after a natural disaster. In MPC-ARCP, isolated are linked critical infrastructures (e.g. ports and airports) according prioritization criterion. This paper introduces E-ARCP - software designed solve MPC-A...

We show that every planar, 4-connected, K2,5-minor-free graph is the square of a cycle of even length at least six.

Beginning in the 1930s, eelgrass meadows declined throughout the Wadden Sea, leaving populations susceptible to extinction through patchiness, low density and isolation. Additional anthropogenic impacts have altered current regimes, nutrients and turbidity — al l of which affect eelgrass. Recent abiotic modeling studies suggest that poor recovery is the result of a regime shift caused by the lo...

Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) applications have seen an increase in interest. In search and rescue, battlefield reconnaissance, and some other such applications, so that a survey of the area of interest can be made collectively, a set of mobile nodes is deployed. Keeping the network nodes connected is vital for WSNs to be effective. The provision of connectivity can be made at the tim...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used extensively in a range of applications, which realizes data acquisition, processing, transmission, and analysis in an interesting area. Harsh surroundings and their inherent vulnerability often mean that these networks suffer from simultaneous node failure possibly causing the network to become partitioned into multiple disjointed segments. This in...

In wireless sensor and actor networks maintaining inter-actor connectivity is very important in mission-critical applications where actors have to quickly plan optimal coordinated response to detected events. Failure of one or multiple actors may partition the inter-actor network into disjoint segments, and thus hinders the network operation. Autonomous detection and rapid recovery procedures a...

The import of resources (food, nutrients) sustains biological production and food webs in resource-limited habitats. Resource export from donor habitats subsidizes production in recipient habitats, but the ecosystem-scale consequences of resource translocation are generally unknown. Here, I use a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model to show how dispersive connectivity between a shallow auto...