We determined the cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular injection of leptin in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin elicited dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity while producing no consistent, significant increases in heart rate. Peak values of mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic ...

Every day you wake up, go to work, visit friends, eat an apple, basically perform your daily activities. During the day, in normal conditions, your body and mind, altogether, acts in conjunction and harmony to perform these activities. Such an harmony is dynamically realized by your body–mind entity. One of the principal centralizer of this harmony is the central nervous system, namely your bra...

The tinnitus dyssynchrony-synchrony theory (TDST) is a hypothesis that considers tinnitus to be an abnormal, conscious, auditory percept. It is believed to originate as an initial dyssynchrony in pre- or postsynaptic neuronal transmission within the peripheral or central nervous system (cortical or subcortical). It interferes in the excitatory and inhibitory process or processes involved in mai...

We determined cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular administration of human cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide 55-102 in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injection of CART 55-102 elicited dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Peak values of mean arterial pressure and renal sympat...

We determined the cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-A elicited dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Peak values of mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity induced by intracerebroventricular injectio...

We determined cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to intracerebroventricular administration of human cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide 55 102 in conscious rabbits. Intracerebroventricular injection of CART 55 102 elicited dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Peak values of mean arterial pressure and renal sympathe...

Increasing evidence has indicated that brain orexin plays a vital role in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology such as gastric secretion, gastric motility and pancreatic secretion. However, little is known whether orexin in the brain is involved in the physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was therefore to elucidate whether orexin-A in the brain is invol...

As teachers inevitably model their teaching on their own experiences, those who educate teachers must remain conscious of their own actions in the classroom, lest unwelcome behaviors or ineffective methods resurface in their students’ future teaching. Therefore, self-study of one’s professional practice is an invaluable tool for evaluating efficacy in the classroom. This study evaluated the tea...

The purpose of the attention schema theory is to explain how an information-processing device, the brain, arrives at the claim that it possesses a non-physical, subjective awareness and assigns a high degree of certainty to that extraordinary claim. The theory does not address how the brain might actually possess a non-physical essence. It is not a theory that deals in the non-physical. It is a...

When presented with an auditory sequence, the brain acts as a predictive-coding device that extracts regularities in the transition probabilities between sounds and detects unexpected deviations from these regularities. Does such prediction require conscious vigilance, or does it continue to unfold automatically in the sleeping brain? The mismatch negativity and P300 components of the auditory ...