A common concern with respect to cloning is based on the belief that cloning produces identical individuals. This is a fundamental misunderstanding of what type of identity-relation cloning involves. The concept "identity" is ambiguous, and the statement that cloning produces "identical" individuals is not meaningful unless the notion of identity is clarified. This paper distinguishes between n...

The paper demonstrates performance enhancement using selective cloning on evolutionary neural network over the conventional genetic algorithm and neural back propagation algorithm for data classification. Introduction of selective cloning improves the convergence rate of the genetic algorithm without compromising on the classification errors. The selective cloning is tested on five data sets. T...

We find an optimal quantum cloning machine, which clones qubits of arbitrary symmetrical distribution around the Bloch vector with the highest fidelity. The process is referred to as the phaseindependent cloning in contrast to the standard phase-covariant cloning for which an input qubit state is a priori better known. We assume that the information about the input state is encoded in an arbitr...

pollen from mesquite (prosopis juliflora) is one of the important causes of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. the aim of present study is to produce and purify the recombinant form of allergenic ole e 1-like protein from the pollen of this allergenic tree. immunological and cross-inhibition assays were performed for the evaluation of ige-bindin...

Creating exact copies (clones) of an individual has long been a made-to-believe story in various cultures throughout mankind history. However, the report of successfully creating a genetic clone of an adult animal from a differentiated somatic cell [1] completely shocked the world. The cloning technology involves taking the nucleus from a somatic cell and then inserting that nucleus into an unf...

No-cloning theorem is one of the most fundamental differences between classical and quantum information theories. It tells us that an unknown quantum state can not be copied perfectly[1]. This no-cloning theorem has important consequences for the whole quantum information processing[2]. However, no-cloning theorem does not forbid imperfect cloning, and it is interesting to know how well we can ...

tenecteplase is a variant of tissue plasminogen activator (t-pa) which has better pharmacokinetic properties and more selective thrombolytic activity. in the present study, we describe a rapid method to introduce three sets of mutation into defined positions in t-pa cdna by a site-directed mutagenesis based on a megaprimer pcr approach to produce tenecteplase coding sequence where amino acids a...

background the 30 kda major secretory protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis (antigen 85b) is a primary vaccine candidate. this secreted antigen induces a protective immune response and stimulates the production of ifn-γ in animal models. objectives the aim of this study was cloning and expression of ag 85b of m. tuberculosis in escherichia coli. materials and methods to produce recombinant ag85...

introduction: neurotrophins, as a family of proteins, are responsible for induction of the survival, development, and function of neurons. also, neurotropic factors are growth factors like neurotrophins that help neurons survive. moreover, neurotrophins differentiate between progenitor cells so that neurons are formed. despite the fact that the majority of mammalian brain neurons are produced p...