Measuring a bone’s response to impact has traditionally been done using strain gauges that are attached directly to the bone. However, in addition to being invasive (in vivo), strain gauges are expensive, are generally used only once, and can be difficult to assemble and attach to the specimens being tested. While accelerometers are an attractive tool to overcome these limitations [1], little d...

The performance of bicycle helmets was investigated in oblique impacts with a simulated road surface. The linear and rotational accelerations of a headform, fitted with a compliant scalp and a wig, were measured. The peak rotational accelerations, the order of 5 krad s when the tangential velocity component was 4 m s, were only slightly greater than in comparable direct impact tests. Oblique im...

A series of 43 traumatic head impact experiments on non-human primates carried out in the past were simulated with a validated finite element model of the specimens. From these simulations, brain tissue response and head accelerations were extracted. Based on these accelerations, existing global head injury criteria (HIC, BRIC, GAMBIT and RIC) were calculated. Correlation between the local brai...

Object. Falls are the most common accident scenario in young children as well as the most common history provided in child abuse cases. Understanding the biomechanics of falls provides clinicians with objective data to aid in their diagnosis of accidental or inflicted trauma. The objective of this study was to determine impact forces and angular accelerations associated with low-height falls in...

Ortholithiations of a range of arenes mediated by lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF at -78 degrees C reveal substantial accelerations by as little as 0.5 mol % of LiCl (relative to LDA). Substrate dependencies suggest a specific range of reactivity within which the LiCl catalysis is optimal. Standard protocols with unpurified commercial samples of n-butyllithium to prepare LDA or commercial...