This study presents a second-order energy return on investment analysis to evaluate the mutual benefits of combining an advanced wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (with biological nutrient removal) with algal biofuel production. With conventional, independently operated systems, algae production requires significant material inputs, which require energy directly and indirectly, and the WWTP req...

OBJECTIVE To complete a description of the dietary intakes of New Zealand schoolchildren by describing afternoon and evening foods and nutrients. DESIGN Twenty-four hour dietary recall data from the 2002 Children's Nutrition Survey were analysed to describe food and nutrient intakes during the afternoon (14.00 to 16.59 hours) and evening (17.00 to 23.59 hours). SETTING New Zealand homes and...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine differences in alcohol consumption and its consequences when consumed alone and when mixed with energy drinks. METHODS A survey was conducted among Dutch students at Utrecht University and the College of Utrecht. We collected data on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences of alcohol consumed alone and/or alcohol mixed with energy d...

OBJECTIVE To describe relationships between the portion sizes of a range of foods commonly consumed by Irish children and adolescents and key indicators of dietary quality on the days they were consumed. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the Irish National Children's Food Survey (2003-2004; 7 d weighed record) and National Teens' Food Survey (2005-2006; 7 d semi-weighed record) were used to co...

It is claimed that sugar consumed in a drink is poorly compensated for by a reduction in subsequent energy intake, however very little research has tested directly the effect on appetite of adding sugar to a drink versus food. In this between subjects study, 144 participants (72 men) consumed preloads sweetened with either sucrose or the low-energy sweetener, sucralose (preload energy differenc...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Trait binge eating has been proposed as a "hedonic subtype" of obesity characterized by enhanced food liking and wanting, and a preference for high-fat sweet foods in the laboratory. The current study examined the influence of trait binge eating in overweight or obese women on eating behavior under laboratory and free-living conditions over a 48-h period. METHODS In a matched ...

We present a meta-analysis of energy-consumption and environmental-emissions patterns in Iranian cropping systems using data collected from articles published between 2008 2018 for 21 different crops. The results show that the crops consuming most energy per hectare are tomato, sugarcane, cucumber alfalfa, while sunflower consumed least. average total input all Iran during study period was 48,0...

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a popular method for deriving dietary patterns. A number of decisions must be made throughout the analytic process, including how to quantify the input variables of the PCA. The present study aims to compare the effect of using different input variables on the patterns extracted using PCA on 3-d diet diary data collected from 7473 children, aged 10 years, ...