All across Europe, old age labor force participation has declined dramatically during the last decades. This secular trend coincides with population aging. The European social security systems therefore face a double threat: Retirees receive pensions for a longer time while there are less workers per retiree to shoulder the financial burden of the pension systems. This paper shows that a signif...

The recent trends in female labour force participation have garnered considerable attention among policymakers and research scholars India, primarily because of the sudden significant falls rates presence many enabling factors, particularly growth GDP. Studies on falling examined underlying ‘pull push’ factors but few them analysed role productivity. This study attempts to a preliminary underst...

This paper considers the effect of child care costs on two labor market decisions of single mothers--whether to participate in the labor market and whether to receive AFDC. Weekly child care expenditures are estimated for all women in the sample (taken from the 1984 Panel of SIPP), whether or not they are currently using nonmaternal child care. These expenditures are then included as an indepen...