The Cu- and Zn-containing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) largely obtains Cu in vivo by means of the action of the Cu chaperone CCS. Yet, in the case of mammalian SOD1, a secondary pathway of activation is apparent. Specifically, when human SOD1 is expressed in either yeast or mammalian cells that are null for CCS, the SOD1 enzyme retains a certain degree of activity. This CCS-independent activit...

Background- The specialized cardiac conduction system (CCS) expresses a unique complement of ion channels that confer a specific electrophysiological profile. ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in these myocytes have not been systemically investigated. Methods and Results- We recorded K(ATP) channels in isolated CCS myocytes using Cntn2-EGFP reporter mice. The CCS K(ATP) channels were l...

this study aimed at identifying components of the household health costs.this study was a qualitative research conducted in two main phases. the first phase consisted of interviews with sample households selected in eight provinces of iran. they were to identify components of the household health costs. in the second phase, components were determined as direct, indirect and intangible based on ...

Herbal medicines are being increasingly used for treatment of variety of disorders. Herbal medicines are generally thought to lack severe side effects. Despite of the general belief, herbal medicines are known to cause serious side effects and toxicities. On the other hand, physicians’ knowledge of herbal medicines and their potential toxicities are generally limited. Neurotoxicity, cardiac tox...

We study encodings from CSP into asynchronous CCS with name passing and matching, so in fact, the asynchronous π-calculus. By doing so, we discuss two different ways to map the multi-way synchronisation mechanism of CSP into the two-way synchronisation mechanism of CCS. Both encodings satisfy the criteria of Gorla except for compositionality, as both use an additional top-level context. Followi...

CCS can be considered as a most natural extension of finite state automata in which interaction is made possible thanks to parallel composition. We propose here a similar extension for top-down tree automata. We introduce a parallel composition which is parameterized by a graph at the vertices of which subprocesses are located. Communication is allowed only between subprocesses related by an ed...

We explore the features of rewriting logic and the language Maude as a logical and semantic framework for representing both the semantics of CCS, and a modal logic for describing local capabilities of CCS processes. Although a rewriting logic representation of the CCS semantics was given previously, it cannot be directly executed in the default interpreter of Maude. Moreover, it cannot be used ...