For people with type 1 diabetes and some 2 diabetes, the problem of insulin titration, i.e. finding an adequate basal rate insulin, is a complex time-consuming task. This paper proposes simple model-free algorithm procedure for fast initial titration in (T1D). A modified proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller (i) updates estimated rate, (ii) administers micro-boli every 5 minutes usi...

Closed loop system for diabetes mellitus compensation was developed. The system comprises a non-invasive optical glucose meter, an insulin infusion device and algorithm for blood glucose prediction. Glucometer consists of the control unit connected to the earlap clip by optical fiber. Experimental trials show that inherent accuracy of the optical system is 0.012 %, reproducibility – 0.06 %, RMS...

Wolfram syndrome (WS), or DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with a median life expectancy of 30 years and occurs in one in 770,000 live births. To date only five successful pregnancies have been reported among WS subjects worldwide. Here we describe the sixth report of successful pregnancy in a ...

Living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) presents many challenges in terms of daily living. Insulin users need to frequently monitor their blood glucose levels and take multiple injections per day and/or multiple boluses through an insulin infusion pump, with the consequences of failing to match the insulin dose to the body’s needs resulting in hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. The former can result i...

In PCOS women with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia may contribute to inappropriate gonadotropin secretion. To determine whether insulin influences gonadotropin release in PCOS, pulsatile LH secretion and gonadotropin responses to GnRH were evaluated before (phase 1) and during (phase 2) insulin infusion. In phase 1, 11 PCOS and 9 normal women on separate days underwent 1) frequent blood sa...

BACKGROUND It has been well accepted that insulin therapy is the ideal treatment for newly diagnosed diabetic patients. However, there was no study about assessment of the initial insulin dosage in new onset Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 65 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (39 males/26 females; HbA1c ≥ 11.80 ± 0.22%) were investigated. All pat...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the safety of three intensive insulin therapy methods: multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (IVII) used in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients in hospital condition. The safety of these intensive insulin therapy methods was measured by the assessme...

We have examined insulin action on glucose metabolism in six hypothyroid patients before and after regular thyroid hormone treatment, and in six healthy volunteers before and after transient induction of moderate hyperthyroidism. Insulin was infused under euglycaemic and eukalaemic clamps. An appropriate amino acid infusion was used to blunt insulin-induced decreases in amino acid levels. Gluco...

Insulin therapy is the mainstay of treatment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is a key component in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in this population as well. A major aim of current insulin replacement therapy is to simulate the normal pattern of insulin secretion as closely as possible. This aim can best be achieved with basal-bolus therapy using multiple dail...

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), more commonly known as insulin pump therapy, was first established in the marketplace in the 1980s and is now one of 3 currently available modalities for the delivery of insulin in managing diabetes.1 Other modalities for insulin delivery include syringe-injected and pen-injected. In the United States in 2007, an estimated 569,000 patients, repre...