Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from containerized plants growing under uniform fertility on June 4, 1998. Cuttings were treated with talc formulations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), ranging from 0 to 8000 ppm (0.8%), and placed under intermittent mis...

Shading losses are a longstanding obstacle in photovoltaic devices, particularly concentrator photovoltaics, where the tradeoff between shading and resistive limits concentration at which highest power conversion efficiency is achieved to values far below capabilities of optics. Here, we demonstrate simple scalable fabrication method that enables large front metal coverage while keeping minimum...

Shaded 2D images often create an illusion of depth, due to the shading information and assumptions regarding location light source. Specifically, that are lighter on top usually appear convex while darker top, concave, reflecting assumption is coming from above. The process recovering 3D shape a shaded image called Shape Shading. Here we examined whether pupil responds depth in task. In three e...

The effect of pre and post-anthesis shading (20% of incident radiation) on pericarp development, cotyledon cell number and seed growth dynamic of fruits from three positions in the capitulum (peripheral, mid and central) of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes were studied at two locations. Both shading treatments reduced pericarp weight, fruit volume and total yield per plant. Plants...

The extraction of three-dimensional shape from shading is one of the most perceptually compelling, yet poorly understood, aspects of visual perception. In this paper, we report several new experiments on the manner in which the perception of shape from shading interacts with other visual processes such as perceptual grouping, preattentive search ("pop-out"), and motion perception. Our specific ...

Volumetric rendering is widely used to examine 3D scalar fields from scanners and direct numerical simulation datasets. One key aspect of volumetric rendering is the ability to provide shading cues to aid in understanding structure contained in the datasets. While shading models that reproduce natural lighting conditions have been shown to better convey depth information and spatial relationshi...

Cotton-rapeseed or cotton-wheat double cropping systems are popular in the Yangtze River Valley and Yellow River Valley of China. Due to the competition of temperature and light resources during the growing season of double cropping system, cotton is generally late-germinating and late-maturing and has to suffer from the coupling of declining temperature and low light especially in the late gro...