This paper describes a finite element formulation designed to simulate polymer melt flows in which both conductive and convective heat transfer may be important, and illustrates the numerical model by means of computer experiments using extruder drag flow and entry flow as trial problems. Fluid incompressibility is enforced by a penalty treatment of the element pressures, and the thermal convec...

The present study aims to experimentally investigate heat transfer performance of rectangular and semicircular tubes in the presence of Ag / water nanofluids. The nanoparticles of Ag (silver) were used in seven different volume concentrations of 0.03%, 0.07%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 1% and 2%. The experiment was conducted in relatively low Reynolds numbers of 301 to 740. A heater with the power of 20...

11 One of the objectives of the present study is to gain a deeper understanding of the heat 12 transfer mechanisms that control the spread of wildfires. Five experimental fires were 13 conducted in the field across on plots of living vegetation. The lengths of the ignition lines 14 were set in the range of 20–30 m to reproduce wildfire front conditions as closely as possible. 15 The experiments...