Vigilance by California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) following two kinds of naturally occurring "alarm" calls was examined. Chatters were usually singly emitted calls while repetitive calls were initiated by one or more chatters and continued with a variable, but long, series of "chats." During noncalling periods adults tended to be more vigilant than were pups (young of the year); ...

Spix’s disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) forms cohesive groups despite using an extremely ephemeral roost, partly due to the use of two acoustic signals that help individuals locate roost sites and group members. While the calls that aid in group cohesion are commonly used, some bats rarely or never produce them. Here, we examine whether the differences observed in the contact calling behav...

There is a close natural connection in tourism and Convention & Exposition (C&E) since they are mutually affected and promoted. This study attempts to theoretically analyze the tourism effect and marketing tactics of the C&E industry. To do this, the inductive method and value train theory are introduced to analyze the supply and demand of tourism. Findings reveal that not only can C&E produce ...

An I/O automata solution to the problem posed in 1994 by Broy & Lamport at the Dagstuhl Workshop on Reactive Systems is presented. The problem calls for speciication and veriication of memory and remote procedure call components. The problem speciication consists of an untimed and a timed part. In this paper, both parts are solved completely.

Lack of a universally accepted and comprehensive taxonomy of cybercrime seriously impedes international efforts to accurately identify, report and monitor cybercrime trends. There is, not surprisingly, a corresponding disconnect internationally on the cybercrime legislation front, a much more serious problem and one which the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) says requires ‘the urgent...

We present staged allocation, a new technique for specifying calling conventions. A specification written using staged allocation has a precise, formal semantics, and it can be executed directly inside a compiler. An implementation takes about 250 lines of ML or 650 lines of C++. Descriptions of nine calling conventions range in size from 15 to 30 lines each.

Industrial agricultural production in the tropics is known to have adverse social and environmental impacts (CBD, 2010). Firms —especially the ones exposed to consumer preference, such as retailers, processors and consumer goods manufacturers—are increasingly responding to these concerns. Nations in the tropics have established comprehensive political, legal and institutional frameworks to cons...

The paper presents the results of some simulations of the effect of the invasion of non-cooperating subjects into a community adopting a cooperative convention. The convention is described by an indefinitely repeated prisoner-dilemma game. We check the effects on the robustness of the cooperating convention of two characteristics of the game, namely the number of cooperators and the "intelligen...

Industrial agricultural production in the tropics is known to have adverse social and environmental impacts (CBD, 2010). Firms —especially the ones exposed to consumer preference, such as retailers, processors and consumer goods manufacturers—are increasingly responding to these concerns. Nations in the tropics have established comprehensive political, legal and institutional frameworks to cons...

Industrial agricultural production in the tropics is known to have adverse social and environmental impacts (CBD, 2010). Firms —especially the ones exposed to consumer preference, such as retailers, processors and consumer goods manufacturers—are increasingly responding to these concerns. Nations in the tropics have established comprehensive political, legal and institutional frameworks to cons...