Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have been explored according to three main concepts: to produce energy from organic substrates, to generate products and to provide specific environmental services. In this work, by using an engineering approach, biological conversion rates are calculated for BES resp. anaerobic digestion. These rates are compared with currents produced by chemical batteries and...

The initial step in the activation of Factor X by a tissue factor-Factor VII complex has been shown to involve hydrolysis of the same peptide bond as is hydrolyzed by Russell’s viper venom. The product, designated a-X&, undergoes autocatalytic conversion to a lower molecular weight form of equal coagulant activity, P-X,. The rate of this conversion is markedly enhanced by phospholipid which is ...

Measles vaccine cannot give high sero-conversion rates in developing countries. The high birth rates characteristic of these countries lead to infection at a very early age, thus making it difficult to vaccinate before exposure to the disease. Nevertheless, if given early in life, the vaccine can reduce the rate of virus circulation and thus raise the age at which children are infected. Once th...

Many animal-pollinated plant species have been introduced to non-native regions without their usual pollinators. Nevertheless, some of these alien species managed to establish reproducing naturalized populations, which might negatively affect native plants. Recent studies have shown that many naturalized alien species can readily attract native pollinators. However, it is not known whether alie...

We analyze the accuracy of four methods for measuring e ective bandwidths (EBs). We also seek to point out advantages and drawbacks of the four estimators. We nd that for nite time realizations of a process the measured e ective bandwidth di ers considerably from its analytical counterpart. We also show that increasing the trace length has little impact on the accuracy of the measurements. We e...

We analyze the effects of founding conditions on the survival of new firms. We allow the effects of founding conditions to be transitory and estimate how long such effects last. Our findings indicate that founding effects are important determinants of exit rates. Moreover, in most cases, their effect on survival seems to persist without much of an attenuation for several years after the foundin...