Human eating behaviour is often studied in the laboratory, but whether the extent to which a participant believes that their food intake is being measured influences consumption of different meal items is unclear. Our main objective was to examine whether heightened awareness of observation of food intake affects consumption of different food items during a lunchtime meal. One hundred and fourt...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of physical properties of foods on the changes of viscosity and mass as well as the particle size distribution after mastication. METHOD Twenty subjects with no masticatory disorders were recruited. Six grams of four solid foods of different textures (banana, tofu, cooked-rice, cookie) were provided, and the viscosity and mass after 10, 20, and 30 cycles of m...

One dimensional excited random walk has been extensively studied for bounded, i.i.d. cookie environments. In this case, many important properties of the walk including transience or recurrence, positivity or non-positivity of the speed, and the limiting distribution of the position of the walker are all characterized by a single parameter δ, the total expected drift per site. In the more genera...

PURPOSE This study identifies a small subset of patients with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy who, while they do not meet common surgical indications, may still benefit from primary nerve surgery. METHODS Between April 2004 and April 2009, 17 patients were offered primary nerve surgery despite not meeting the standard surgical indications of the authors. The authors performed a retrospectiv...

Among the major food allergies, peanut, egg, and milk are the most common. The immunochemical detection of food allergens depends on various factors, such as the food matrix and processing method, which can affect allergen conformation and extractability. This study aimed to (1) develop matrix-specific incurred reference materials for allergen testing, (2) determine whether multiple allergens i...

A method for characterization of butter cookie quality by assessing the surface browning and water content using multispectral images is presented. Based on evaluations of the browning of butter cookies, cookies were manually divided into groups. From this categorization, reference values were calculated for a statistical prediction model correlating multispectral images with a browning score. ...

In early days, web pages always use a state for keeping an authentication state between browsers and web applications called cookies, these cookies are sent to the browser by the web server’s after the users have been successfully authenticated. Every request that contains the valid cookies will be automatically allowed by the web sites without any further check. The cookies are used to identif...

This paper presents our on-going project on performance evaluation of the major existing solutions based on serverside access control for SYN-flooding distributed denialof-service attacks using a real network system. Although many solutions have been proposed and implemented, there is no formal performance study that measures and compares the solutions based on server-side access control. The s...

Imagine you divide three cookies between your two children, five-year-old Jack and two-year-old Jill. You might give Jack two cookies and Jill one cookie. But, then Jill will claim that this division is unfair, and will remain unconvinced even when you say that Jack is older and bigger and thus needs (and deserves) more food. In such a parental role, you may decide to give equal cookie allocati...

Numerous surveys have shown that Web users are concerned about the loss of privacy associated with online tracking. Alarmingly, these surveys also reveal that people are also unaware of the amount of data sharing that occurs between ad exchanges, and thus underestimate the privacy risks associated with online tracking. In reality, the modern ad ecosystem is fueled by a flow of user data between...