In the available literature, there is no study devoted to international cooperation in public health. This paper aims to partly fill this gap, raising and examining the state of art in this area as well as how it interferes in the evaluation of post-graduate programs. The study used secondary data available at CAPES "Indicators Journals", during the years of 1998 to 2006. It also analyzes forei...

This paper tells the early history of penicillin patenting in Spain. Patents turn out to be useful instruments for analysing the management of knowledge and its circulation in different professional and geographical domains. They protected knowledge while contributing to standardisation. Patents also ensured quality and guaranteed reliability in manufacturing, delivering and prescribing new dru...

Evolution of the cluster population has been recognized as a powerful cosmological tool. While the present–day abundance of X-ray clusters is degenerate in σ 8 , n and Ω 0 , Oukbir and Blanchard (1992, 1997) have pointed out that the number density evolution of X-ray clusters with redshift can be used to determine Ω 0. Here, we clarify the origin of this statement by identifying those parameter...

We obtain constraints on quintessence models from magnitude-redshift measurements of 172 type Ia Supernovae. The considered quintessence models are ordinary quintessence, with Ratra-Peebles and SUGRA potentials, and extended quintessence with a Ratra-Peebles potential. We compute confidence regions in the Ωm0 −α plane and find that for SUGRA potentials it is not possible to obtain useful constr...

Although the ever-growing usage of antimicrobials in the fields of medicine, pharmacology, and microbiology have undoubtedly allowed for unprecedented advances in the scientific world, these advances are nevertheless accompanied by unprecedented challenges. Sharp increases in antibiotic usages have led to inefficient and wasteful usage practices. Bacterial resistances have dramatically increase...

Illicit trade in tobacco products presents a threat to public health because it undermines the use of tax and price policies, which are among the most effective mechanisms for reducing tobacco consumption. Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) are in the final stages of negotiating a protocol aimed at strengthening international cooperation in the fight against illic...

From a “Western” perspective, International Studies in the PRC have long time not be seen as an academic discipline but as highly ideological field controlled by the Chinese state. This certainly holds true for the early period of International Studies following the founding of the PRC, when Marxism-Leninism and the ideas of Mao Zedong served as guiding theories. But after the decisions of open...

The main purpose of this article – is the systematization of stages and trends of the sociology of education development in Ukraine. The article solves problems of separating the stages of development of this branch of sociology in Ukraine, the personification of their frameworks and the analysis of the research methodology used. The results of the research were obtained from use of the histori...

This study attempts to validate the stages of growth hypothesis by analyzing data concerning the benchmarks that were prescribed by Nolan [ 15]. Although the hypothesis was not validated using the entire set of benchmarks for each stage, individual benchmarks were related to various DP management issues. The joint relationship of user awareness and technology to various management issues was al...

The global nature of the threat posed by new and reemerging infectious diseases will require international cooperation in identifying, controlling, and preventing these diseases. Because of this need for international cooperation, international law will certainly play a role in the global strategy for the control of emerging diseases. Recognizing this fact, the World Health Organization has alr...