Abstract Extant accounts of trust in science focus on reconciling scientific and public value judgments, but neglect the challenge learning audience values. I argue that for experts to be epistemically trustworthy, they should adopt a cooperative approach about values their audience. A approach, which expert non-expert inquirers iteratively refine better achieves important second-order epistemi...

In Levy (2004) I attempt to analyze whether political parties are effective. That is, whether they change the political outcome relative to the case in which they do not exist and candidates can only run independently. The main result shows that parties are not effective when the policy space is one dimensional but may become effective when the policy space has more than one dimension. To deriv...