the present study investigated the effect of the two vocabulary teaching techniques in est, namely the use of translation and the use of visual aids as two separate vocabulary teaching techniques. to answer the question of the study, a pretest (michigan test) was administered to the 58 randomly selected est students at khajeh nasiredin tusi university, faculty of mechanics. after the homogeneit...

The cooperative sector is one of the three main components of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s economic system. Based on the top policies of Article 44 of the Constitution, its share of the national economy is expected to reach 25% by the end of the Fifth Development Plan. However, only 7% of this share has so far been realized. This study aims at discovering the reasons, backgrounds, processes a...

in the area of vocabulary teaching and learning although much research has been done, only some of it has led to effective techniques of vocabulary teaching and many language learners still have problem learning vocabulary. the urge behind this study was to investigate three methods of teaching words. the first one was teaching words in context based on a traditional method of teaching that is,...