Copper kills bacteria rapidly by a mechanism that is not yet fully resolved. The antibacterial property of copper has raised interest in its use in hospitals, in place of plastic or stainless steel. On the latter surfaces, bacteria can survive for days or even weeks. Copper surfaces could thus provide a powerful accessory measure to curb nosocomial infections. We here investigated the effect of...

micromixers are one of the most crucial components of lab-on-a-chip devices with the intention of mixing and dispersion of reagents like small molecules and particles. the challenge facing micromixers is typically insufficient mixing efficiency in basic designs, which results in longer microchannels. therefore, it is desirable to increase mixing efficiency, in order to decrease mixing length, w...

the main aim of this research is to determine optimal leaching conditions; eh, ph and complexing agent concentrations, for recovery of copper from hydroxide sludges such as those produced by electroplating shops, metal finishers, treatment of acid mine drainage, and industrial wastewater in general. this has been preceded by a theoretical approach and numerical and computer calculation. potenti...

In plants, copper is an essential micronutrient required for photosynthesis. Two of the most abundant copper proteins, plastocyanin and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, are found in chloroplasts. Whereas plastocyanin is essential for photo-autotrophic growth, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase is dispensable and in plastids can be replaced by an iron superoxide dismutase when copper is limiting....

Despite increased interest in the role of copper deficiency in clinical problems and an increased understanding of the physiological roles of copper, the diagnosis of a marginal deficiency has not been perfected. The use of non-standardized procedures and the effects of factors other than copper nutriture have impeded identification of the "ideal" indicator of copper nutritional status in adult...

Copper is essential but can be toxic even at low concentrations. Coping with this duality requires multiple pathways to control intracellular copper availability. Three copper-inducible promoters, controlling expression of six copper tolerance genes, were recently identified in Escherichia coli. The cue system employs an inner membrane copper transporter, whereas the cus system includes a tripa...

Abstract This chapter argues that colonial legacies influence social protection systems in Africa until the present. It focusses on Zambia where dependence copper exports has shaped not only questions since independence but also state’s ability to respond them. explains how concentration of economic activity along so-called Line Rail created a centre–periphery divide spilled over into unequal c...

a simple and sensitive extraction-fluorimetric method for the determination of copper is reported. the 1,7-diaza-15-crown-5-copper-rose bengal (da15c5-cu-rb) ternary complex is quantitatively extracted into chloroform, diluted with ammoniacal acetone and its fluorescence intensity is measured at 570 nm with excitation at 540 nm. a linear calibration graph was obtained over the copper concentrat...

1. Copper compounds (calcium copper edetate, copper heptanoate, copper methionate, copper chloride, copper oxide, dicopper oxide and copper gluconate) are normally used, orally in feed or in an injectable solution, to treat copper deficiency in food-producing animals. In veterinary medicine, the recommended doses are 50 to 100 mg copper per animal given as a single injection. Copper has antimic...

UNLABELLED In the absence of a tight control of copper entrance into cells, bacteria have evolved different systems to control copper concentration within the cytoplasm and the periplasm. Central to these systems, the Cu(+) ATPase CopA plays a major role in copper tolerance and translocates copper from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. The fate of copper in the periplasm varies among species. Cop...