[1] We used dense linear seismic arrays across and along the San Andreas Fault (SAF) at Parkfield, California to record fault zone trapped waves generated by explosions and microearthquakes in 2002. Prominent trapped waves appeared at stations close to the SAF main fault trace while some energy was trapped in the north strand at the array site. Observations and 3-D finitedifference simulations ...

Introduction: Type B1 CAIs are a major type of refractory inclusion in CV3 carbonaceous chondrites. An intriguing feature of fassaite in many Type B1 inclusions is complex zoning within single crystals. Seen in backscattered electron images (BEIs), the zoning reflects irregular, sometimes patchy, distributions of TiO2 and correlated and anticorrelated oxides; this zoning is not synonymous with ...

A core area of speciation research concerns the coevolution of species-specific signals and the selective sensitivity to such signals. Signals and responses to them should be tuned to each other, to be effective in intraspecific communication. Hybrid zones are ideal to study the presence of such 'behavioural coupling' and the mechanisms governing it, and this has rarely been done. Our study exa...

[1] We examine how frictional heating drives the evolution of temperature, strength, and fracture energy during earthquake slip. For small slip distances, heat and pore fluid are unable to escape the shearing fault core, and the behavior is well approximated by simple analytical models that neglect any transport. Following large slip distances, the finite width of the shear zone is small compar...

There are several lines of evidence that suggest that thermal pressurization (TP) of pore fluid within a low-permeability fault core may play the key role in the development of earthquake slip. To elucidate effects of TP on spontaneous fault slip, I consider solutions for a steadily propagating slip pulse on a fault with a constant sliding friction, the level of which may reflect other thermall...

We apply a fully-coupled hydro-mechanical simulation tool to study fluid injection-induced pressure diffusion, poroelastic response, fracture slip, damage growth, and microseismicity occurrence in complex fault zone. The zone has low-permeability core bounded by high-permeability zone, which is characterised network with the density exponentially decaying away from core. employ discrete approac...

BACKGROUND Zoning is a fundamental tool for the effective management of nature reserves. A three-zone model (core zone, buffer zone, and experimental zone) has been applied to nature reserves in China since 1980s; however, this model appears not fit for all types of nature reserves, especially wetlands. CASE DESCRIPTION Wuliangsuhai is such a typical wetland reserve, which can represent most ...

280 students, between 6 and 14 years old, residents in the Iguape county, southern coast of the State of São Paulo, were studied in order to identify the existence of a possible association between the prevalence of specific antibodies to the hepatitis B virus and the exposure to haematophagous mosquitoes, evaluated indirectly through the prevalence of antibodies to 17 arboviruses isolated in B...

Tropical rainfall patterns control the subsistence lifestyle of more than one billion people. Seasonal changes in these rainfall patterns are associated with changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone, which is characterized by deep convection causing heavy rainfall near 10◦ N in boreal summer and 3◦ N in boreal winter. Dynamic controls on the position of the intertropical co...

Poor N use efficiency by rice (Oryza sativa L.) in many regions of the world is due to the intensity of loss mechanisms functioning in the system. A study was conducted to determine the maximum potential loss of fertilizer "N in a Crowley (Typic Albaqualfs) silt loam soil where conditions are favorable for both nitrification and denitrification in the root zone of rice. Nitrogen losses were mea...