We establish a general framework for analyzing the class of finite volume methods which employ continuous or totally discontinuous trial functions and piecewise constant test functions. Under the framework, optimal order convergence in the H1 and L2 norms can be obtained in a natural and systematic way for classical finite volume methods and new finite volume methods such as discontinuous finit...

Let ~ v0, ..., ~ vk be vectors in Z k which generate Zk. We show that a body V ⊂ Zk with the vectors ~ v0, ..., ~ vk as edge vectors is an almost minimal set with the property that every function f : V → R with periods ~ v0, ..., ~ vk is constant. For k = 1 the result reduces to the theorem of Fine and Wilf, which is a refinement of the famous Periodicity Lemma. Suppose ~0 is not a non-trivial ...

According to Gibaldi et al. (1968, 1970), the higher serum concentrations of penicillins and cephaloridine reached after administration of probenecid are due not only to slower renal elimination but also to an altered distribution in the body. To determine whether probenecid has a direct effect on the distribution of cloxacillin, the elimination and distribution of cloxacillin was studied in si...

Consequently, in equilibrium, if a consumer with valuation v0 buys and patches the software, then every consumer with valuation v > v0 will also buy and patch, and hence there exists a vp ∈ 0 1 such that a consumer with valuation v ∈ will buy and patch if and only if v≥ vp, in which case ∗ v = B P . We next consider the buying decision in the second period. If a consumer with valuation v decide...

The effects of alterations in ventilatory pattern on the simultaneously measured physiologic and anatomic dead-spaces (VDphys and VDan, respectively) and the dead-space to tidal volume ratio (VD-VT) were studied in 17 healthy normal subjects (13 men, four women, ages 21 to 36 years). There were no significant changes in VDan with increases in respiratory frequency (f) or tidal volume (VT). The ...

The system of shallow water equations admits infinitely many conservation laws. This paper investigates weak local residuals as smoothness indicators of numerical solutions to the shallowwater equations. To get a weak formulation, a test function and integration are introduced into the shallow water equations. We use a finite volume method to solve the shallow water equations numerically. Based...

The distribution, clearance, and bioavailability of (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine has been studied in the Wistar rat. The plasma and brain tissue concentrations over time of (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine were determined after intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral (20 mg/kg) administration of (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine (n = 3). After intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated ...

To study the release of lactate from muscle and its relationship to the blood lactate concentration during and after intense bicycling, young men cycled at 5.5 W kg(-1) body mass for 2 min to exhaustion or stopped after 1 min (nonexhaustive ride). The leg's release of lactate during and after each ride was taken from the measured blood flow and lactate concentrations in arterial and femoral-ven...