One of the important issues in many of array systems such as Radar, Sonar, Mobile, and satellite telecommunications is the estimation of DOA of narrowband received signal. CRB is very important in evaluation of parameter estimation. CRB is the lower bound estimation error variance for any unbiased estimation. In this paper, the array antenna with equal distance arrays is extended in two separat...

Software cost estimation is a process to calculate effort, time and cost of a project, and assist in better decision making about the feasibility or viability of project. Accurate cost prediction is required to effectively organize the project development tasks and to make economical and strategic planning, project management. There are several known and unknown factors affect this process, so ...

One of the most important tasks for IT professionals is software development cost estimation. This critical task affects the firm's software investment decisions before bidding for a contract or committing required resources to that project. Under-estimation may lead to unexpected increase in budget, delay of project completion or its low quality, while over-estimation may lead to losing busine...

Quantitative estimation of security attributes makes it possible to do cost-effective development of security critical systems. By predicting the impact and cost of potential misuses, as well as the cost and effect of security treatment strategies, one can treat security risks at the right time for the correct cost. The Aspect-Oriented Risk-Driven Development (AORDD) framework supports cost-eff...

During the past three decades, cost estimation systems have experienced some major technological innovations and paradigm shifts both in industry and academic research. There are numerous papers available reporting on research findings and the techniques used in cost estimation. This paper presents a review of current academic work and an evaluation of the available commercial cost estimation s...