Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathies are rare but important to recognize. Its diagnosis is clinical, in which at least 3 of the following diagnostic criteria should be present: 1) Purtscher-flecken (visible in the fundoscopy, they are intra-retinal whitening areas with a clear zone on either side of the vessels), 2) intra-retinal hemorrhages, 3) cotton wool spots (these are located superf...

We report one case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy as a presenting sign of fetal death in utero. Ophthalmic examination (including intravenous fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography) and obstetric and systemic evaluation were performed, providing a multidisciplinary approach. A 33-year-old overweight woman (body mass index 47 kg/m(2)) with no systemic or ocular known dis...

Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is considered as the root cause of vision loss for diabetic patients .One of the greatest concern and immediate challenges to the current health care is the severe progression of diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease and appearance of hard exudates is one of its earliest signs. The accuracy of the automated disease identification techniques should be high .Be...

Severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare. We report a 16-year-old female who developed bilateral visual impairment. Fundus examinations showed bilateral "cherry-red spot" appearance, multiple confluent cotton wool spots, and widespread arterial occlusion. Laboratory studies showed leukopenia, antinuclear antibody (+), and anti-...

Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a rare but devastating late complication of radiotherapy, usually manifesting months to years after cancer treatment of the head and neck, resulting in rapidly progressive blindness in one or both eyes. The incidence of radiation-induced complications following radiotherapy, especially RION, is correlated with survival time of patients. Nasopharyngea...

BACKGROUND Egypt has one of the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Ophthalmological side effects are recognized complications of interferon (IFN) therapy. This study aimed to evaluate IFN-induced ophthalmological manifestations in patients receiving PEGylated interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) and to assess the effect of IFN duration, response and systemic risk facto...

Ocular ischemic syndrome is a rare condition, which is caused by ocular hypoperfusion due to stenosis or occlusion of the common or internal carotid arteries. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of changes in the carotid arteries. Ocular ischemic syndrome is manifested as visual loss, orbital pain and, frequently, changes of the visual field, and various anterior and posterior segment signs. Ant...

Image processing of a fundus image is performed for the early recognition of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy classified in two stages. First is non-proliferative which includes microanearism and when blood vessels are leak and it comes into proliferative stage which is called hemorrhage. In this paper I discussed about detection of hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. extraction of he...

Diabetic Retinopathy is a disease which causes a menace to the eyesight. The detection of this at an early stage can aid the person from vision loss. The examination of retinal blood vessel structure can help to detect the disease, so segmentation of retinal blood vessel vasculature is important and is appreciated by the ophthalmologists. In this paper, we present the approach of blood vessel s...

Malignant hypertension (MHT), also known as accelerated-malignant hypertension or malignant-phase hypertension, is the most severe form of arterial hypertension. It is defined clinically as high blood pressure (BP) levels associated with lesions of the retinal fundus (flame-shaped hemorrhages, exudates, or cotton wool spots, with or without papilledema). Despite the availability of a vast range...