Since the early 1970s, the ethical norm governing counselors involved in testing and screening for genetic conditions related to reproduction has been strict neutrality. Counseling about reproductive genetics was to be patient centered but nondirective. Many advocates for people with Down syndrome believe that high abortion rates following a diagnosis of this condition show an unfounded bias ag...

Testing for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the gene responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), can now be offered to family members in FAP kindreds. With the availability of this test, genetic counseling has become a crucial tool for helping FAP patients and their relatives understand the syndrome and its implications and for assisting at-risk individuals in making informed decisi...

29 Background: Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is a key strategy towards 30 HIV prevention yet, the uptake of VCT services among young people remains low. 31 This study determined the factors that influence the uptake of VCT among secondary 32 school students in Arusha City, Tanzania. 33 Methodology: A cross sectional study using quantitative methods was conducted. A 34 multi-stage s...

Volume 70, Number 2 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 295 I n the absence of a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, prevention is the most effective strategy for reducing the number of new cases.1,2 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a strategic plan for the prevention of HIV infection. By the year 2005, the CDC seeks to achieve the fol...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing has an effect on reducing subsequent risk behaviors in those tested, to evaluate stability in condom use over time, and to determine whether self-reported frequency of condom use relates to the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). DESIGN Cohort study with 2-year follow-up. SETTING An urban...

OBJECTIVES We offered education, counseling, and family-based BRCA1/2 testing to women at increased risk of breast cancer and assessed (a) their reasons for participating and (b) whether source of recruitment, desire to help research (altruism), and the need to communicate with their affected relative about testing distinguish those who did and those who did not complete each phase of our proto...

OBJECTIVE To assess the programmatic quality (coverage of testing, counseling, and retesting), cost, and outcomes (viral suppression, treatment decisions) of routine viral load (VL) monitoring in Swaziland. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing routine VL monitoring in Swaziland (October 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013). RESULTS Of 5563 patients eligible for routine VL testing ...

objective: type 2 diabetes is amongst the most common chronic illnesses in iran. its prevalence is increasing and it has significant economic importance. the aim of this study was to estimate direct therapeutic and non-therapeutic costs of type 2 diabetes patients referred to the diabetes research center of yazd in 2012. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 t...

PURPOSE Although guidelines recommend in-person counseling before BRCA1/BRCA2 gene testing, genetic counseling is increasingly offered by telephone. As genomic testing becomes more common, evaluating alternative delivery approaches becomes increasingly salient. We tested whether telephone delivery of BRCA1/2 genetic counseling was noninferior to in-person delivery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Partic...