Before being used in scientific investigations and policy described. The objective of this article is to elucidate these fundamental structures. We describe the three basic comdecisions, thematic maps constructed from remotely sensed data should be subjected to a statistically rigorous accuponents of an accuracy assessment, the sampling design, the response design, and the estimation and analys...

In this study, maximum likelihood supervised classification and post-classification change detection techniques were applied to Landsat images acquired in 1987 and 2001, respectively, to map land cover changes in the Northwestern coast of Egypt. A supervised classification was carried out on the six reflective bands for the two images individually with the aid of ground truth data. Ground truth...

A state amalgamation of a directed graph is a node contraction which is only permitted under certain configurations of incident edges. In symbolic dynamics, state amalgamation and its inverse operation, state splitting, play a fundamental role in the the theory of subshifts of finite type (SFT): any conjugacy between SFTs, given as vertex shifts, can be expressed as a sequence of symbol splitti...

Remote sensing satellite data offer the unique possibility to map land use land cover transformations by providing spatially explicit information. However, detection of short-term processes and land use patterns of high spatial-temporal variability is a challenging task. We present a novel framework using multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data and machine learning techniques, namely Discriminative Mark...

Land-cover mapping efforts within the USGS Gap Analysis Program have traditionally been state-centered; each state having the responsibility of implementing a project design for the geographic area within their state boundaries. The Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) was the first formal GAP project designed at a regional, multi-state scale. The project area comprises the southwe...

The flow equivalence of sofic shifts is examined using results about the structure of the corresponding covers. A canonical cover generalising the left Fischer cover to arbitrary sofic shifts is introduced and used to prove that the left Krieger cover and the past set cover of a sofic shift can be divided into natural layers. These results are used to find the range of a flow invariant and to i...

Let D be the set of isomorphism types of finite double partially ordered sets, that is sets endowed with two partial orders. On ZD we define a product and a coproduct, together with an internal product, that is, degree-preserving. With these operations ZD is a Hopf algebra, self-dual with respect to a scalar product which counts the number of pictures (in the sense of Zelevinsky) between two do...

Introduction: This contribution explores the mapping of spectral parameters of lunar features using the Clementine UVVIS+NIR data set covering the wavelength range between 415 and 2000 nm [1]. The extracted spectral features are the minimum and depth of the principal absorption trough near 1000 nm and the corresponding values of secondary absorption features present at higher wavelengths, as we...