We consider the following problem called the k-Chinese Postman Problem (k-CPP): given a connected edge-weighted graph G and integers p and k, decide whether there are at least k closed walks such that every edge of G is contained in at least one of them and the total weight of the edges in the walks is at most p? The problem k-CPP is NP-complete, and van Bevern et al. (to appear) and Sorge (201...

The NMDA receptor is central in the generation and maintenance of chronic pain. This receptor has several sites of modulation. One is the glutamate recognition site that can be blocked by (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-yl)propyl-1-phosphoric acid or (±)-CPP. We investigated whether the effect of glial inhibition produced by propentophylline (PPF) can be enhanced when combined with (±)-CPP. We used S...

Quantification of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system may be useful for distinguishing relative treatments in the presence of choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs). To study the CSF system, mathematical models and simulations detailing the cerebral blood flow and CSF filtration were constructed to represent a normal brain, a brain with CPP located in the left lateral ventricle, and a brain with CPP...

The effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) (0.5 mg/kg) on sleep architecture and behavior were examined in six healthy volunteers following a single oral dose of the drug in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. m-CPP reduced total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency in all subjects. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep were decreased and stage 1 sleep...

The nociceptin receptor (NOPr), a member of the opioid receptor family, is a target for the treatment of pain and drug abuse. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), the endogenous peptide for NOPr, not only modulates opioid antinociception, but also blocks the rewarding effects of several abused drugs, such as morphine, cocaine, and amphetamine. We hypothesized that NOPr agonists, with bifunctional ac...

The canonical boundary-value problem for the propagation of compound plasmon–polariton (CPP) waves, guided by a symmetric structure comprising metal film embedded in uniaxial dielectric material, was formulated and solved. In addition to unexceptional CPP waves whose field strength, decays exponentially with distance from nearest dielectric/metal interface, this can also guide exceptional field...

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has previously been shown to produce a positive conditioned place preference (CPP) among rats. Here the effects of doses of a specific 5-HT3 antagonist, MDL72222, on MDMA's ability to produce a CPP were assessed. A dose of MDL72222 (0.03 mg/kg) blocked the establishment of a MDMA CPP. These results support the suggestions that compounds affecting the 5-HT3 r...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACP-F) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems. METHODS One hundred twenty-six human premolar teeth were selected. One hundred twenty teeth were used for SBS testing, and six tee...

The effect of hypericin on the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was investigated and compared with the effect of the synthetic antidepressants. The CPP paradigms took place over six days using an unbiased procedure. The results demonstrate that intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of morphine sulfate (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/Kg) significantly induce the CPP in rat. Intra-pe...

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of using Casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste, Remin-Pro and Fluoride Varnish on remineralization of enamel lesions. Methods: In this experimental-in vitro study, 60 intact premolars and molars were used and flat enamel surfaces were prepared. The specimens were divided into 6 groups (N=10). After primary DIAGNO...