OBJECTIVE Nationally, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among youth ages 16 to 20 years. Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been implemented to reduce motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers. Studies have shown decreases in teen crash rates and crash-related fatality rates following enactment of GDL laws. However, GDL laws typically apply to teens only until their 18...

ITE JOURNAL / SEPTEMBER 1998 DESPITE PROGRESS IN REDUCing motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries in the United States, sharp horizontal curves situated on narrow twolane highways—a common roadway design feature—pose a significant safety threat. According to data published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, nearly 80 percent of all fatal crashes in the United States occur on...

One of the most important needs of pedestrians is safety at crossing points, especially at intersections. Intersections are important parts of the urban road network because any disruption in them reduces the capacity of the entire network. The main objective of this research is to propose an appropriate method for prioritizing urban intersections with considering the important factors affectin...

This paper presents a before-after crash, injury and traffic study of constructing bicycle tracks and marking bicycle lanes in Copenhagen, Denmark. Corrections factors for changes in traffic volumes and crash / injury trends are included using a general comparison group in this non-experimental observational study. Analysis of long-term crash trends points towards no significant abnormal crash ...

To curtail the rising numbers of cyclists seriously injured in road crashes, more insights are needed into the factors that contribute to these crashes. For instance, darkness is known to be associated with higher injury rates, but little is known about the relative influence of factors such as poor conspicuity, impaired perception and alcohol use among cyclists. To examine these factors, the p...

Since late 1989, the cycle helmet wearing rate in New Zealand has risen from around 20% for adults and teenagers, and 40% for younger children, to more than 90% in all age groups. Cycle helmet wearing became mandatory under New Zealand law in January 1994. This paper considers the effect of cycle helmet wearing on hospitalised head injuries between 1990 and 1996, using cyclist limb injuries as ...

BACKGROUND Some motor vehicle crashes, particularly single-vehicle crashes, may result from intentional self-harm. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the risk that intentional self-harm poses for motor vehicle crashes among young drivers. METHODS We prospectively linked survey data from newly licensed drivers aged 17-24 years to data on licensing attempts and police-reported mo...

Many light-duty vehicle crashes occur due to human error and distracted driving. Partially-automated crash avoidance features offer the potential to reduce the frequency and severity of vehicle crashes that occur due to distracted driving and/or human error by assisting in maintaining control of the vehicle or issuing alerts if a potentially dangerous situation is detected. This paper evaluates...

Work zones are critical parts of the transportation infrastructure renewal process consisting of rehabilitation of roadways, maintenance, and utility work. Given the specific nature of a work zone (complex arrangements of traffic control devices and signs, narrow lanes, duration) a number of crashes occur with varying severities involving different vehicle sizes. In this paper we attempt to inv...

Crashes have fascinated and baffled many canny observers of financial markets. In the strict orthodoxy of the efficient market theory, crashes must be due to sudden changes of the fundamental valuation of assets. However, detailed empirical studies suggest that large price jumps cannot be explained by news and are the result of endogenous feedback loops. Although plausible, a clear-cut empirica...