Seeing the sustainability of rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, adequate crop nutrition in general and nitrogen (N) in particular holds the key to sound crop management. The excessive application or insufficient management of N means an economic loss to the farmer and may lead to yield penalties and environmental problems. Improving N management in consonance with oth...

Despite the recent emphasis in Africa by national and regional plant protection organizations to control pest birds, traditional farmers usually are still left to their own initiative, as they have been for centuries, to protect their crops. These farmers employ many ingenious visual and oratory frightening techniques, barriers, agronomic planting or harvesting modifications, and bird populatio...

in the U.S. Southwest, and with farmers on an irrigation project in northern Pakistan. He is currently beginning research with small-scale farmers in Oaxaca, Mexico, on the role of yield stabilThe World’s Crop ity in farmer management of maize varieties and household risk, with the goal of identifying ways for farmers to work with formal plant breeders in developing improved varieties. Genetic ...

Weed control is generally considered to be essential for crop production and herbicides have become the main method used for weed control in developed countries. However, concerns about harmful environmental consequences have led to strong pressure on farmers to reduce the use of herbicides. As food demand is forecast to increase by 50% over the next century, an in-depth quantitative analysis o...

This paper reviews constraints to crop production, the status of technology development and future research needs of the smallholder farms in the semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe. ZIMBABWE'S agricultural industry consists of two major sectors; the large-scale commercial and the smallholder (communal) sectors. Prior to 1980 production from the communal sector was largely for subsistence requirements....

Across the tropics, smallholder farmers already face numerous risks to agricultural production. Climate change is expected to disproportionately affect smallholder farmers and make their livelihoods even more precarious; however, there is limited information on their overall vulnerability and adaptation needs. We conducted surveys of 600 households in Madagascar to characterize the vulnerabilit...

A number of farmer-led approaches to technology transfer have emerged in recent times to replace the largely discredited Transfer of Technology (TOT) and Training and Visit (T&V) models of agricultural extension. One such initiative is the Farmer Field School (FFS), an experiential learning approach originally developed in Southeast Asia for the integrated management of rice pests but adaptable...

Traditional farming practices suggest that cultivation of a mixture of crop species in the same field through temporal and spatial management may be advantageous in boosting yields and preventing disease, but evidence from large-scale field testing is limited. Increasing crop diversity through intercropping addresses the problem of increasing land utilization and crop productivity. In collabora...

the purpose of this research was analysis of contents of extension and education in agricultural cooperatives in the lorestan province, iran. the population of study consisted of 832 members of agricultural cooperative in lorestan province, iran in which 260 people were selected as a sample size, using krejcie and morgan table. the results indicate that more than 66.92 percent of the agricultur...