The oil industry is increasingly interested in improving the planning of their operations due to the dynamic nature of this business. Decisions made at the oil chain differ in the activity range (spatial integration) and planning horizon (temporal integration). This paper purpose is to address the spatial integration under uncertainty in the oil chain at the tactical planning level and proposes...

background: crude oil is a very complex composition with harmful effects in human health such as carcinogenesis and blood effects. using the bioassay method to assess the effect of purification process produces useful results. in this study the effect of ozonation to reduce the toxicity of crude oil in the water is investigated. methods: standard sample of the water soluble fraction were prepar...

This paper constructs a macro-finance model for commodity futures. I document a feedback relationship between crude oil prices and real economic activity. The channel from real activity to oil prices is unspanned – meaning not identified in current futures prices – consistent with oil futures as a hedge asset against supply shocks. Unspanned macroeconomic risks have first order effects on risk ...

Post-COVID-19 outbreaks and the Russian-Ukraine war seriously disturb energy supply chain, which causes massive inflation worldwide. This badly affected developing countries because of poor population living in these countries. study explores different determinants Pakistan by considering global crude oil prices (COP) using annual time series data from 1980 to 2020. measured CPI as dependent va...

The toxicity resulting from exposure to oil droplets in marine fish embryos and larvae is still subject for debate. The most detailed studies have investigated the effects of water-dissolved components of crude oil in water accommodated fractions (WAFs) that lack bulk oil droplets. Although exposure to dissolved petroleum compounds alone is sufficient to cause the characteristic developmental t...

The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) is a non-profit association promoting sustainable palm oil through a voluntary certification scheme. Two successive science-based working groups on greenhouse gas (GHG) have been active in RSPO between 2009-2011, with the aim of identifying ways leading to meaningful and verifiable reduction of GHG emissions. One of the outputs is PalmGHG, a GHG cal...

The crude oil degradability and plasmid profile of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species, isolated from mangrove sediment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria were studied. The effects of temperature, pH and optical density on the utilization of different carbon sources by the bacteria were also investigated. Results showed that nitrifying bacteria could utilize kerosen...

Sunflower is one of the most popular and extensively produced crops in Ukraine. Almost all production sunflower processed further into oil. During last 20 years, amount exported Ukrainian oil have increased markedly, so Ukraine has become world’s biggest producer its exporter. However, due to increasing industry concentration rapid price growth starting from mid-2020, Antimonopoly Committee sta...

it has been known for years that microbial surface active agents have a wide range of applications not only in oil spill environment but also in many industries. their properties including: (i) changing surface active phenomena, such as lowering of surface and interfacial tensions, (ii) wetting and penetrating actions, (iii) spreading, (iv) hydrophylicity and hydrophobicity actions, (v) microbi...