We review the field of laser cooling of solids, focusing our attention on the recent advances in cryogenic cooling of an ytterbium-doped fluoride crystal (Yb:YLiF4). Recently, bulk cooling in this material to 155 K has been observed upon excitation near the lowest-energy (E4–E5) crystal-field resonance of Yb3+. Furthermore, local cooling in the same material to a minimum achievable temperature ...

Stable isotopic analysis of water in plant, soil, and hydrological studies often requires the extraction of water from plant or soil samples. Cryogenic vacuum extraction is one of the most widely used and accurate extraction methods to obtain such water samples. Here, we present a new design of a cryogenic vacuum extraction system with 18 extraction slots and an innovative mechanism to aerate t...

There is a continual search for new methods of marine salvage and decommissioning of structures in the open sea in order to improve control and lower operational costs. The concept design of a lightweight, cryogenic, marine, heavy lift, buoyancy system has been investigated. The objective is to be able to raise or lower high mass objects controlled solely from a surface support vessel. The over...

NASA will need technology to cool detector systems to sub Kelvin temperatures for its future science program which includes missions such as the BLISS on SPICA, IXO, CMB-Pol, SPIRIT and SAFIR. Building on missions such as Spitzer, Planck, and ASTRO-E and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), new cooling technologies offer major advantages including long lifetimes, lower mass, and new capabilit...

Abstract Liquefied natural gas (LNG), ethylene, ethane, propane, and other clean energy are often stored in a cryogenically frozen state on large scale. As the core equipment of cryogenic storage tanks, if different media stored, there certain differences design tanks. Although specifications differ little, is lack systematic research. This paper compares material, process, structure, construct...

Air separation units are one of the prime examples for studies on demand side management and (non-)linear model predictive control due to their high power consumption energy storage potential. These plants separate ambient air into its main components, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, by means cryogenic distillation at different pressure levels. Approximately two thirds industrially operated consider a...

The International Maritime Organization has adopted the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from ships as an important priority, and is continuously strengthening its regulations on marine air pollution. By 2035, it expected that LNG-powered will account for more than 50% available ships. Accordingly, demand equipment related to LNG-fueled grow well, requiring development a lot equipment. How...