نتایج جستجو برای: cryptococcal

تعداد نتایج: 2972  

2017
Richard Kwizera Andrew Akampurira Darlisha Williams David R Boulware David B Meya

BACKGROUND India ink microscopy on cerebrospinal fluid is still utilized in resource limited settings for the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis despite its poor sensitivity. We hypothesized that staining fungal nucleic acids with fluorescent dyes instead of the capsule with India ink might improve sensitivity for the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. METHODS We enrolled 96 HIV-infected...

2016
Yuji Tanaka Kazuo Satomi

INTRODUCTION Clinically, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is an important diagnostic clue of tuberculous meningitis. However, increased CSF ADA level can be caused by other neurological diseases. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis presented with increased ADA level of the CSF. In parallel with her recovery, ...

2017
David B. Meya Samuel Okurut Godfrey Zziwa Stephen Cose Paul R. Bohjanen Harriet Mayanja-Kizza Moses Joloba David R. Boulware Carol Yukari Manabe Sharon Wahl Edward N. Janoff

A third of adults with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is thought to result from exaggerated inflammatory antigen-specific T cell responses. The contribution of monocytes to the immunopathogenesis of cryptococcal IRIS remains unclear. We compared monocyte subset frequencies and ...

2015
Darlisha A. Williams Tadeo Kiiza Richard Kwizera Reuben Kiggundu Sruti Velamakanni David B. Meya Joshua Rhein David R. Boulware

BACKGROUND Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of adult meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa. The cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) lateral flow assay (LFA) has simplified diagnosis as a point-of-care test approved for serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We evaluated the accuracy of the CRAG LFA using fingerstick whole blood compared with serum/plasma and CSF for diagnosing meningitis. MET...

Journal: :Journal of immunology 2005
Asna A Siddiqui Annemarie E Brouwer Vannaporn Wuthiekanun Shabbar Jaffar Robin Shattock Diane Irving Joanna Sheldon Wirongrong Chierakul Sharon Peacock Nicholas Day Nicholas J White Thomas S Harrison

In animal models, immunity to cryptococcal infection, as in many chronic fungal and bacterial infections, is associated with a granulomatous inflammatory response, intact cell-mediated immunity, and a Th1 pattern of cytokine release. To examine the correlates of human immunity to cryptococcal infection in vivo, we analyzed immune parameters at the site of infection over time and assessed the ra...

2015
Robert J. Evans Zhongming Li William S. Hughes Julianne T. Djordjevic Kirsten Nielsen Robin C. May

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and a leading cause of fungal-infection-related fatalities, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Several virulence factors are known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of cryptococcal infections, including the enzyme phospholipase B1 (Plb1). Compared to other well-studied Cryptococcus neoformans virulence factors such as the po...

Journal: :Eukaryotic cell 2012
Laura H Okagaki Kirsten Nielsen

The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans produces an enlarged "titan" cell morphology when exposed to the host pulmonary environment. Titan cells exhibit traits that promote survival in the host. Previous studies showed that titan cells are not phagocytosed and that increased titan cell production in the lungs results in reduced phagocytosis of cryptococcal cells by host immune cells. ...

Journal: :South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 2010
Joseph N Jarvis Graeme Meintjes Zomzi Williams Kevin Rebe Thomas S Harrison

OBJECTIVES Cryptococcal meningitis is the commonest cause of adult meningitis in Southern Africa. A sizeable proportion of this disease burden is thought to be due to symptomatic relapse of previously treated infection. We carried out a study to examine the contribution of inadequate secondary fluconazole prophylaxis to symptomatic relapses of cryptococcal meningitis. DESIGN A prospective obs...

2017
Jintao Xu Adam Flaczyk Lori M. Neal Zhenzong Fa Daphne Cheng Mike Ivey Bethany B. Moore Jeffrey L. Curtis John J. Osterholzer Michal A. Olszewski

Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) contributes to fungal containment during the early/innate phase of cryptococcal infection; however, its role in adaptive antifungal immunity remains unknown. Using a murine model of cryptococcosis, we compared host adaptive immune responses in wild-type and MARCO-/- mice throughout an extended time course post-infection. Unlike in early inf...

Journal: :Infection and immunity 2006
Asna A Siddiqui Robin J Shattock Thomas S Harrison

Cryptococcus neoformans is a frequent cause of meningoencephalitis in immunosuppressed individuals. To better understand the mechanisms of a protective immune response to C. neoformans, a long-term in vitro model of human immune control of cryptococcal infection was developed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) prestimulated with heat-killed C. neoformans significantly restricted the gro...

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