The utilization of agricultural machinery represents the main aspect contributing to total energy input in system. trials were achieved using five tractor speeds(3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 and 10.8 km/hr) tillage depths(10, 15, 20, 25 30 cm) determine implement speed at different depths for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator offset harrow on a clay loam soil. design experiment used two factor...

mechanical weeding is one of the non-chemical methods to control weeds. in this paper a ‎new mechanism has been presented for mechanical cultivation. the machine works based on ‎the manual tools operation, which farmers still use in small scale for weeding and consists of a ‎number of four-bar linkage mechanisms. each mechanism consists of a blade which moves ‎forward (active course) and backwa...

A general scenario is proposed to understand the evolutionary transitions that lead to the emergence of higher level systems through the assembly of independent components. First, multilevel emergence is reviewed in general as the result of variation and selective retention of assemblies. It is emphasized that when the components are dissipative (e.g. living systems) the process is complicated ...

Farmers need alternatives for weed control due to the desire to reduce chemicals used in farming. However, conventional mechanical cultivation cannot selectively remove weeds located in the seedline between crop plants and there are no selective herbicides for some crop/weed situations. Since hand labor is costly, an automated weed control system could be feasible. A robotic weed control system...

Microbial diversity can be used to assess the impact of agricultural practices on the long-term sustainability of cropping systems. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in soil bacterial diversity as a result of the impact of different soil tillage and crop rotation systems in an oxisol of southern Brazil. Bacterial diversity was examined in the 010 cm layer in two field experiments...

Hamir Bhucti, a Hindu cultivator, aged 20, on the 17th March 1884 received a blow on the head with a sharp weapon whilst endeavouring to separate two men who were quarrelling. H e was admitted to the Dispensary soon after the injury and was found to have a small incised wound over the right parietal eminence which led down to the bone, which latter showed a small hair-like fissure, Is conscious...

• An improved active obstacle separation method for strawberry-harvesting robots. A faster vision system that used deep learning object detection and tracking. The combined push drag-push to precisely separate the obstacles. was controlled in a hybrid visual loop based on system. closed continuous ”look-and-move” made more precise. Selectively picking target fruit surrounded by obstacles remain...