Collaborative software development, through inter-organizational collaboration or outsourcing, has become increasingly attractive for organizations. However, little is known about the problems associated with collaboration. Therefore, organizations engaging in collaboration need to be aware of the potential pitfalls involved. For this purpose, this study explores problems and important factors ...

In 2005, we launched the Ethical, Social and Cultural (ESC) Program for the Grand Challenges in Global Health (GCGH) initiative, as described in the fi rst article in this series [1]. To identify key ESC issues, we conducted group discussions with investigators and program offi cers from the GCGH projects, as well as interviews with developing world experts. Our approach is shown in Box 1. This...

This study describes the cultural adaptation and testing of the behavioral pain scale (BPS) and the critical-care pain observation tools (CPOT) for pain assessment in Taiwan. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps of translation, including forward translation, back-translation, evaluation of the translations by a committee of experts, adjustments, and then piloting of the prefinal ver...

Practices in communities can be supported through a wide use of standard multimedia and web technologies. Lately, several research domains, especially cultural heritage management, have discovered the power of collaboration with amateurs in multimedia documentation work. Amateurs often carry knowledge they would be willing to contribute with small effort. Thus, there is a need for intuitive mul...

In recent years there has been a marked uptake in the digitisation of cultural heritage collections. Though this has enabled more sources to be made available to experts and the wider public, curators still struggle to instigate and enhance engagement with cultural archives. This is largely due to the monolithic nature of many digital archives; the challenge of understanding large collections, ...

Recognizing the need for a valid and reliable way to measure outcomes of a program to promote multicultural awareness among nursing faculty and students, the authors developed a cultural awareness scale. In the first phase of the study, a scale consisting of 37 items was generated from a literature review on cultural awareness, sensitivity, and competence in nursing. A Cronbach's alpha reliabil...

This study aims to present the cross-cultural adaptation process of the Modified Dyspnea Index to the Brazilian culture and to investigate its content validity and reliability. This process included the steps of translation, back translation and review by two experts to assess semantic, conceptual, idiomatic, cultural and metabolic equivalence. The Index of Content Validity was used to evaluate...

Cultural competence has gained attention as a potential strategy to improve quality and eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in health care. In 2002 we conducted interviews with experts in cultural competence from managed care, government, and academe to identify their perspectives on the field. We present our findings here and then identify recent trends in cultural competence focusing on healt...

A number of diverse data sources on cultural/artistic heritage, hosted by local institutions, may provide a rich collection of study material for experts in this field. Anyway, a wide exploitation of such a huge amount of information is hampered by the heterogeneity and the physical distribution of data sources. The experience presented here relates to problems and solutions found in making use...