AIM This paper reflects on the language and translation challenges faced and interventions used whilst undertaking cross-cultural public health research in Nepal using translators. BACKGROUND The growth in cross-cultural studies and international research highlights the use of translators and the associated challenges for researchers with regard to cultural and linguistic issues when collecti...

The translation of references specific to a given source culture has long been prominent, and often problematic aspect practice research. In indirect translation, or the already translated material, linguistic cultural differences accumulate, meaning that omission (CRs) culture-specific items (CSIs) might be generally expected outcome. Yet before such hypotheses can tested, research methods are...

the translation of persian poems necessitates the fluency of the translator in source and target languages as well as great knowledge about the delicacies of poetry and the intellectual, social and cultural background of the poet. one of the problems in the process of translation is the incompatibility of the syntactic structures and morphological and grammatical features of the two languages. ...