ATP synthase (F(O)F(1)) operates as two rotary motor/generators coupled by a common shaft. Both portions, F(1) and F(O), are rotary steppers. Their symmetries are mismatched (C(3) versus C(10-14)). We used the curvature of fluorescent actin filaments, attached to the rotating c-ring, as a spring balance (flexural rigidity of 8. 10(-26) Nm(2)) to gauge the angular profile of the output torque at...

Parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) process is a novel recently developed severe plastic deformation technique for fabrication of ultrafine grained (UFG) metallic tubes. This new process consists of two half cycles and is affected by several parameters such as channel angles, deformation ratio and curvature angles. In this paper, the effects of these parameters on the plastic defo...

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in determining loaded shortening velocities and power output in cardiac myocytes. Cardiac myocytes were obtained from euthyroid rats that expressed alpha-MHC or from thyroidectomized rats that expressed beta-MHC. Skinned myocytes were attached to a force transducer and a position motor, and isotonic shortening velocit...

In this note we establish that finite-time singularities of the mean curvature flow of compact Riemannian submanifolds M t →֒ (N, h) are characterised by the blow up of the mean curvature.

Given a compact four dimensional smooth Riemannian manifold (M, g) with smooth boundary, we consider the evolution equation by Q-curvature in the interior keeping the T -curvature and the mean curvature to be zero and the evolution equation by T -curvature at the boundary with the condition that the Q-curvature and the mean curvature vanish. Using integral method, we prove global existence and ...

Abstract The in situ and real-time measurement of curvature changes optically reflecting surfaces is a key element to better control bottom-up fabrication processes the semiconductor industry, but also follow or adjust mirror deformations during use for space optics industries. Despite progresses made last two decades thanks laser deflectometry-based techniques, community lacks an instrument, e...