to assessment alfalfa cultivars research project this research has been fulfilled in 2011 at khouzestan agricultural and natural resource research center in southwest of ahwaz in khouzestan province (iran) by position 31º20′ n, 48º40′ e. at first section for evaluation wet forage yield cultivars such as “baghdadi”, “mesasersa”, “yazdi”, “bami”, “nikshahri”, “synthetic” (main factor) and two cut...

the implementation of different silvicultural systems can be effective on different characteristics of forest stands, such as stand structure and diameter distribution of trees. this study was carried out in shafaroud forests of gilan province of northern iran. the objectives of this research were 1) to evaluate the suitability of different probability distribution functions, including weibull,...

The two-dimensional discrete bin-packing problem (2BP ) consists in minimizing the number of identical rectangles used to pack a set of smaller rectangles. This problem is NP-complete. It occurs in industry if pieces of steel, wood, or paper have to be cut from larger rectangles. It belongs to the family of cutting and packing (C & P) problems, more precisely Two-Dimensional Single Bin Size Bin...

1-d bin packing and 2-d bin packing are classic NP-complete problems that are motivated by industrial applications of stock cutting, data storage, etc. In this paper, we look at a slightly more general problem that is primarily motivated by VLSI design. In VLSI design, one wants to pack a given number of rectangles (which might be RAM chips, transistors, etc.) into a wafer of minimum area to re...

The two-dimensional discrete bin-packing problem (2BP ) consists in minimizing the number of identical rectangles used to pack a set of smaller rectangles. This problem is NP-hard. It occurs in industry if pieces of steel, wood, or paper have to be cut from larger rectangles. It belongs to the family of cutting and packing problems, more precisely to the class of TwoDimensional Single Bin Size ...

Cutting and packing problems appear in many industrial settings where larger pieces are cut into smaller ones in order to produce items or products that are required by other industries or customers, e.g., paper, steel and fiber industries. A solution for the cutting problem consists in determining a group of patterns and their frequencies, that is, the number of times that a pattern is cut to ...

Two-Dimensional Irregular Strip Packing Problem is a classical cutting/packing problem. The problem is to assign, a set of 2-D irregular-shaped items to a rectangular sheet. The width of the sheet is fixed, while its length is extendable and has to be minimized. A sequence-based approach is developed and tested. The approach involves two phases; optimization phase and placement phase. The optim...

The system Bx b is said to describe P , and each hyperplane fx 2 IR : B i x = big is called a cutting plane. One of the central questions in polyhedral combinatorics is to nd the cutting planes that describe P . This question is the subject of this chapter. We start with a section on books and collections of survey articles that treat polyhedral combinatorics in detail. x2 on integer programmin...