BACKGROUND Cyanosis and myocardial hypertrophy frequently occur in combination. Hypoxia or cyanosis can be potent inducers of angiogenesis, regulating the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1 and 2); in contrast, pressure overload hypertrophy is often associated with impaired pro-angiogenic signaling and decreased...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF) should be investigated in patients with cyanosis of unknown cause. This is a case of cyanosis in a child submitted to pulmonary lobectomy with PAVF. CASE REPORT Male patient, 3 years old, with history of cyanosis without dyspnea since 8 months of age. He presented significant cyanosis, finger clubbing and normal heart auscultat...

THE ANTEMORTEM diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula was made for the first time by Smith and Horton in 1939.1 The lesion was suspected from the appearance of the chest x-ray and subsequently proved by inj ection of contrast media into an arm vein with visualization of the abnormal vascular communication in the right lung. Since then many such lesions have been suspected from clinical fi...

CONTEXT In infants, it is not always easy to distinguish between pathological and physiological gastroesophageal reflux based only on clinical criteria. In Brazil, studies about gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants are few and are even rare those that used prolonged esophageal pH monitoring for its evaluation. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features of gastroesophageal reflux diseas...