Lung injury associated with hyperoxia reflects in part the secondary effects of pulmonary inflammation and the associated production of reactive oxygen species due to activation of NADPH oxidase, type 2 (NOX2). Activation of NOX2 requires the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6). Therefore, we evaluated whether blocking Prdx6 PLA2 activity using the inhibitor MJ33 would b...

The superoxide anion (O 2 2)-generating system is an important mechanism of innate immune response against microbial infection in phagocytes and is involved in signal transduction mediated by various physiological and pathological signals in phagocytes and other cells, including B lymphocytes. The O 2 2-generating system is composed of five specific proteins: p22-phox, gp91-phox, p40-phox, p47-...

Macula densa (MD)-mediated regulation of renal hemodynamics via tubuloglomerular feedback is regulated by interactions between factors such as superoxide (O(2)(-)) and angiotensin II (ANG II). We have reported that NaCl-induced O(2)(-) in the MD is produced by the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase (NOX); however, the source of ANG II-induced O(2)(-) in MD is unknown. Thus we determined the pathways...

As one of the most intensively studied transcription factors, it is unsurprising that p53 is involved in many biological processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis.1 its activities are mainly regulated by posttranslational modifications and interactions with other cellular components. Over the past few years, p53 has also been linked to redox homeostasis, the b...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We tested whether gender influences cerebrovascular responses to angiotensin II (AngII) and the role(s) of Nox2. METHODS AngII-stimulated superoxide (O(2)(-)) production by cerebral arteries from male and female wild-type (WT) and Nox2(-/-) mice was measured using lucigenin- or L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production was measured using ...

 Introduction and aim. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant liver tumor. It is primarily caused by hepatic cirrhosis or chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatic carcinogenesis is associated with increased oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of our study was to assess expression of the genes involved in the homeostasis of oxidative stress in patients with HCC. MATERIAL AND M...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to several chronic disease processes, yet molecular and cellular mechanisms linking ER stress and oxidative stress in the setting of apoptosis are poorly understood and infrequently explored in vivo. In this paper, we focus on a previously elucidated ER stress-apoptosis pathway whose molecular components have been iden...

T he article by Sukumar et al. (1) published in a recent issue of Diabetes concludes that the type 2 NADPH oxidase (Nox2) plays a critical role in insulin resistance–related endothelial dysfunction. However, in our opinion it is too premature to draw these conclusions when looking at the entire body of available literature. The authors show in two different genetic mouse models of insulin resis...

Ethanol exposure increases oxidative stress in developing organs, including the brain. Antioxidant treatment during maternal ethanol ingestion improves behavioral deficits in rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, the impact of general antioxidant treatment in their adult offspring and the Specific Reactive Species (ROS)-dependent mechanism, are not fully understood. ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated the therapeutic effects of fluorofenidone (AKF-PD), a novel pyridone agent, targeting oxidative stress and fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. METHODS AKF-PD was used to treat renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) obstructive nephropathy in rats. The expression of NOX2 (gp91phox), fibronectin and extracellular signal regulated kinas...