BACKGROUND Inspiratory rise time and cycling criteria are important settings in pressure support ventilation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of minimum and maximum rise time and inspiratory cycling criteria settings on 6 new generation ventilators. Our hypothesis was there would be a difference in the exhaled tidal volume, inspiratory time, and peak flow among 6 differe...

PURPOSE Economy is considered to be a key factor for the determination of performance in endurance events such as cycling. There have been no investigations which have related cycling economy to simultaneous measurements of 3D kinematics and muscular activation. This study examined selected biomechanical and neuromuscular parameters which have the strongest association with cycling economy. M...

PURPOSE To determine if cycling cadence affects subsequent running speed through changes in stride frequency. METHODS Thirteen male triathletes completed three sessions of testing on separate days. During the first session (control condition), the participants completed a 30-min cycling bout of high intensity at their preferred cadence, immediately followed by a 3200-m run at race effort. Dur...

This study was designed to determine whether pregnancy affects peak O2 uptake (VO2peak) during swimming compared with cycling. We studied 11 women at 30-34 wk gestation and 8-12 wk postpartum. We measured heart rate (HR), O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), and lactic acid concentration. Peak HR was not significantly affected by the type of exercise or by pregnancy. VO2...

BACKGROUND Encouraging cycling is an important way to increase physical activity in the community. The Cycling Connecting Communities (CCC) Project is a community-based cycling promotion program that included a range of community engagement and social marketing activities, such as organised bike rides and events, cycling skills courses, the distribution of cycling maps of the area and coverage ...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated risks for rapid cycling, as defined by DSM-IV, in women and men with bipolar disorders. METHOD The results of 10 studies with a total of 2,057 bipolar patients were meta-analyzed by pooled contingency methods. RESULTS The proportions of women and men among rapid-cycling cases averaged 72% and 28%, respectively, but the risk of rapid cycling was inconsistent...

Jean-Louis BIGOURDAN and James M. REILLY Image Permanence Institute Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York, USA ABSTRACT The effect of changing environments on paper stability was studied using three types of paper (acid-processed 100% cotton, acid-processed groundwood, and buffered groundwood). The study was based upon three cycling situations. The effect of humidity cycling alo...

A survey of the literature indicates that several chemicals whose reduced metabolites are capable of undergoing redox cycling in biological systems also possess significant teratogenic properties when tested in vivo. We have initiated investigations to determine whether the embryotoxic effects of such chemicals could result from their redox cycling properties and whether redox cycling could be ...

BACKGROUND We examined aerobic and anaerobic exercise energy expenditure and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) between a 250 Watt, 1-minute bout of cycling and uphill treadmill running. METHODS Fourteen active to well-trained subjects volunteered for the investigation (VO2 max: 57.0 +/- 12.9 ml x kg x min(-1) cycle; 59.3 +/- 13.7 ml x kg x min(-1) run; p = 0.44). Anaerobic energy...

This study investigated the effects of prolonged constant load cycling exercise on cycling efficiency and local muscle oxygen uptake responses. Fourteen well-trained cyclists each completed a 2-h steady-state cycling bout at 60% of their maximal minute power output to assess changes in gross cycling efficiency (GE) and muscle oxygen uptake (mVO2 ) at time points 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Near...