A flexible spatio-temporal model is implemented to analyse extreme extra-tropical cyclones objectively identified over the Atlantic and Europe in 6-hourly re-analyses from 1979–2009. Spatial variation in the extremal properties of the cyclones is captured using a 150 cell spatial regularisation, latitude as a covariate, and spatial random effects. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is also us...

In the first part of this chapter, we give a review of the relationship of climate and tropical cyclones on various time scales, from intra-seasonal to decadal. The response of tropical cyclone activity to natural modes of variability, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Madden Julian Oscillation in various regions of the world are discussed. Genesis location, track types and intensity...

Super typhoons (STYs), intense tropical cyclones of the western North Pacific, rank among the most destructive natural hazards globally. The violent winds of these storms induce deep mixing of the upper ocean, resulting in strong sea surface cooling and making STYs highly sensitive to ocean density stratification. Although a few studies examined the potential impacts of changes in ocean thermal...

The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) Users Group awarded Arthur D. Little, Inc. a contract to provide the next generation computer program for emergency relief system and effluent handling designs. The new computer program, SuperChems for DIERS, is a dynamic simulator, capable of performing emergency relief system and effluent handling designs for complex geometries and mul...

Pacific Islands are at the forefront of the trend towards high or even 100% renewable energy penetration of their electricity grids. Many have been highly or totally reliant on imported diesel fuel, with associated price uncertainties and GDP impacts. Countries like Fiji are highly reliant on hydro power and become vulnerable in periods of low rainfall, such as during El Nino events, when diese...

General circulation models are broadly able to capture the shape and structure of extratropical cyclones. Increased atmospheric resolution has been shown improve representation cyclone structure. However, intensity cyclones, strength their winds, commonly underestimated in models. Using a compositing technique applied new generation HighResMIP CMIP6 models, wind speeds airstreams is quantified....