PURPOSE To compare the proportions of school children with myopia and impaired visual acuity in Greece and Bulgaria. METHODS A sample of 898 children, aged 10-15 years, was selected from two primary and two secondary schools in a Greek city (Heraklion), and one primary and secondary school in a Bulgarian city (Stara Zagora). Five hundred and eighty eight children were Greek (65.5%, mean age 1...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of a cycloplegic regimen using 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine (Tropherine, Hanmi Pharm), in addition to 1% cyclopentolate, in hyperopic children. METHODS The medical records of hyperopic patients below the age of 14 years who had undergone cycloplegic retinoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Cycloplegic refractions were performed using one of t...

BACKGROUND To determine the change in refractive error and the incidence of myopia among school-aged children in the Yongchuan District of Chongqing City, Western China. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was initially conducted in 2006 among 3070 children aged 6 to 15 years. A longitudinal follow-up study was then conducted 5 years later between November 2011 and March 2012. R...

PURPOSE. Relative peripheral hyperopia has been associated with central myopia. This study was conducted to determine whether baseline relative peripheral hyperopia is associated with an increased risk of developing myopia or myopia progression in young Singapore Chinese children. METHODS. One hundred eighty-seven children who participated in the Peripheral Refraction in Preschool Children (PRE...

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that relative peripheral hyperopia predicts development and progression of myopia. METHODS Refraction along the horizontal visual field was measured under cycloplegia at visual field angles of 0°, ±15°, and ±30° at baseline, 1 and 2 years in over 1700 initially 7-year-old Chinese children, and at baseline and 1 year in over 1000 initially 14-year olds. One refra...

Knowledge regarding successive blur discrimination thresholds (i.e., equiblur zones) in depth and across the near retinal periphery, and their relation to blur detection (i.e., depth-of-focus), remains unknown. The blur detection threshold and four successive blur discrimination thresholds were measured psychophysically at the fovea, as well as at retinal eccentricities of 0.25 degrees , 2 degr...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of myopia in parts of South East Asia has risen dramatically over the past 1-2 generations, suggesting that environmental factors may be particularly important determinants of refractive development in these populations. AIM To assess the contribution of familial factors (shared genes and/or shared family environment) to refractive error and ocular component dimensio...

MEASUREMENT of individual sight among students not only enables individual diagnosis and prescription, but may determine vocational fitness, or aptitude for particular tasks. First-rate sight may be necessary for the University Air Squadron, or again, colour-vision defect may handicap a chemist whose work depends on colour indicators, and it may be better to know of any defect before the final ...

Comment A number of cases of bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma associated with HIV have been reported.I The mechanism of angle closure is thought to be due to anterior rotation of the irislens diaphragm at the axis of the scleral spur secondary to an anterior uveal effusion. Cyclopentolate retracts the iris lens diaphragm posteriorly and therefore opens the angle. Relative pupillary block ...

PURPOSE To examine the association between the anthropometric measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and refraction and other ocular parameters in Singapore Chinese children. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 1449 Chinese schoolchildren, aged 7 to 9 years, from three Singapore schools, height and weight were measured according to standard protocol, and BMI was calculated. R...