Equity issues have led many economists to re-consider their preference for conducting efficiency analyses with aggregated estimates of the benefits and costs of changes in environmental resource allocations. For instance, there is evidence that health risks due to hazardous wastes disproportionately affects the poor and non-white. Policies that lead to these disproportionate effects are not nec...

PURPOSE Unsafe behaviors are an important cause of accidents in adolescent age groups. This study was designed to examine the behaviors of adolescent pedestrians in southern Iran. METHODS This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of high school students in Shiraz, capital city of Fars Province, Iran. Five hundred and sixteen students were selected ...

Explicitly coercive measures are sometimes necessary in the care and treatment of psychiatric patients. The author describes how use of such measures is not antithetical to patient-centered, recovery-oriented practice either in inpatient or outpatient settings. Citing a definition widely used by advocates to describe the overarching goal of recovery--"a full, meaningful, and self-determined lif...

current research, that involves laboratory investigations into the phenomena of solubility, uses circulation equipment that has been developed to study the enlargement of joint aperture. this paper describes the preliminary results of laboratory experiments on ten different length and width of samples, which show that the flow rate through the fissures increases with time as the fissures enlarg...

International efforts to provide global public goods often face the challenges of coordinating national contributions and distributing costs equitably in the face of uncertainty, inequality, and free-riding incentives. In an experimental setting, we distribute endowments unequally among a group of people who can reach a fixed target sum through successive money contributions, knowing that if th...

Background: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5%–10% of all pregnancies and contribute greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Dangerous hypertension can cause cerebrovascular hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy, and can trigger eclamptic convulsions. Blood pressure (BP) ≥160/110 mmHg in pregnancy requires prompt treatment. Both nifedipine and intravenous (IV) labetalol are effec...

In this work, a novel hybrid cutting method combining non-progressive cutting with progressive cutting is proposed, where progressive cutting is applied on the outer hull while non-progressive cutting is applied in the inner core. Therefore it keeps the visual reality while significantly increases the efficiency and stability for consequent soft-tissue simulation. In addition, we combined the n...

Glacier retreat has caused the emergence of numerous moraine-dammed glacial lakes (MGL) over last century which have become research foci in many mountain regions world. Outbursts MGLs destructive floods and debris flows, leading to human casualties significant material damage. The mountains South-Eastern Kazakhstan also prone lake outburst related specifically second half 20th century. This pa...