Two packaged low noise amplifiers for the 0.3-4 GHz frequency range are described. The amplifiers can be operated at temperatures of 300-4 K and achieve noise temperatures in the 5 K range (<0.1 dB noise figure) at 15 K physical temperature. One amplifier utilizes commercially available, plastic-packaged SiGe transistors for first and second stages; the second amplifier is identical except it u...

In this paper, we propose a fully standard-cell-based common-mode feedback (CMFB) loop with an explicit voltage reference to improve the CMRR of pseudo-differential amplifiers and stabilize dc output voltage. This latter feature allows robust biasing operational transconductance (OTAs) based on cascade such stages. A detailed analysis CMFB is reported both provide insight into circuit behavior ...

In terminals for free-space laser links, optical amplifiers boost transmit powers into the Watt range. As pre-amplifiers, they help obtaining sensitivities of a few ten photons/bit. Concepts and requirements for such applications are discussed. ©2005 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.4510) Optical communications; (250.4480) Optical amplifiers

The recent demonstration that nanoparticles associated with various biological molecules and pharmacological agents can be administered systemically to humans, without toxicity from the particles, has opened a new era in the targeting of such particles to specific tissues in the body for the imaging and therapy of disease. The majority of particles used for this purpose contain iron and are det...

1. Introduction Recently, sensor chips using mixed-signal CMOS technology have been applied for sensing and monitoring biological functions [1], [2]. A low-noise amplifier is one of the key circuits for detecting small level signals in the sensor chip. Extremely low voltage operation is required for wireless systems using such new energy sources as solar batteries or bio-batteries. However, wit...

Ultra low-voltage (ULV) floating-gate (FG) differential amplifiers are presented. In this paper we present several different approaches to CMOS ULV amplifier design. Sinh-shaped and tanh-shaped transconductance amplifiers are described. Measured results are provided. Keywords— Floating-gate, low-voltage, low-power, lowvoltage amplifiers, analog floating-gate circuits.

The metrics for controlling reactive fluxes to wafers for microelectronics processing are becoming more stringent as feature sizes continue to shrink. Recent strategies for controlling ion energy distributions to the wafer involve using several different frequencies and/or pulsed powers. Although effective, these strategies are often costly or present challenges in impedance matching. With the ...

Proof-of-concept cyclic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have been designed and fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology. The measurement results of an experimental prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed switched-capacitor (SC) architecture to realize a non-binary ADC based on β expansion. Different from the conventional binary ADC, a simple 1-bit/step structure for an SC multipl...

This paper presents the design of a two-stage bulk-input pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and its application in active-RC filters. The OTA was designed in 90 nm CMOS process and operates at a single supply voltage of 0.5 V. Using a two-path bulk-driven OTA by the combination of two different amplifiers the DC gain and speed of the OTA is increased. Rail-to-rail ...