Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and malignant cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). GBM tumors are derived from glial cells, the most common cell type in the CNS. Glial cells and neuronal cells, the other category of CNS cells, work in concert to produce a functional nervous system. Neuronal cells work to transmit signals to and from the brain, while glial cel...

Thompson’s group F was introduced by Richard Thompson in the 1960’s and has since found applications in many areas of mathematics including algebra, logic and topology. We focus on the dead end depth of F , which is the minimal integer N such that for any group element, g, there is guaranteed to exist a path of length at most N in the Cayley graph of F leading from g to a point farther from the...

Two control laws, to control the liquid pressure of an agricultural spray boom are presented and compared. Characteristic for the process is a dead zone and a time varying delay. The first control law is rather intuitive and is based on direct dead zone compensation and a pole placement idea. The other control law originates from sliding mode control where the continuous part of the control con...

The dead-end depth of an element g of a group with finite generating set A is the distance from g to the complement of the radius dA(1, g) closed ball, in the word metric dA. We exhibit a finitely presented group K with two finite generating sets A and B such that dead-end depth is unbounded on K with respect to A but is bounded above by three with respect to B.

Ad-hoc on-demand routing protocols like ZRP establish and maintain routes on-demand. However, the paths established by on-demand protocols, which are optimal during route establishment phase, become sub-optimal over time due to node mobility. In this paper, we propose a Path Establishment Algorithm (PEA) that optimizes the established routes when feasible without incurring extra overhead. By ut...

In this issue, Lockey et al. from London’s Air Ambulance present heir concept of a common algorithm for effective management f traumatic cardiac arrest, including resuscitative thoracotomy n penetrating chest injuries.1 According to the authors, the algoithm does not necessarily distinguish between prehospital and n-hospital care. However, their approach of delivering resuscitaive thoracotomy b...

Idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) represent a significant proportion of all VAs. The mechanism is thought to be catecholamine-mediated delayed after depolarizations and triggered activity, although other etiologies should be considered. In the adult cardiac conduction system it has been demonstrated that sometimes an embryonic branch, the so-called "dead-end tract", persist...

With the ever rising amount and quality of malicious software for mobile phones, multiple ways to detect such threats are desirable. Next to classical approaches such as dynamic and static analysis, the idea of detecting malicious activities based on the energy consumption introduced by them was recently proposed by several researchers. The key idea behind this kind of detection is the fact tha...

The dead-end elimination theorem has proved to be a powerful method to reduce the theoretically accessible conformational space when modeling protein side chains by using a rotameric representation of possible conformations. In this work, theoretical details about variants to the original criterion are discussed. We also provide information on how the equations can be algorithmically implemente...

the conditions for the refinement of clarified sugarcane juice, including temperature (50o, 60o and 70oc) and pressure (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 bars) by micro-filtration membrane technology were investigated. the raw sugarcane juice was initially pre-filtrated with lime and then the juice obtained (clarified juice) processed using a ceramic micro-filter mem-brane (0.2 micrometer). the characteristics...