This study was carried out in a commercial herd from 2008 to 2012 in order to determine the most prevalent reasons for culling Holstein cows and to assess the effects of risk factors. Overall, 519 (28.2%) cows were culled for involuntary (98.8%) and voluntary (1.2%) reasons. The involuntary causes of culling were diseases (38.7%), reproduction problems (36.0%), udder disorders (7.7%), lameness ...

BACKGROUND The illness of a spouse can affect the health of a caregiving partner. We examined the association between the hospitalization of a spouse and a partner's risk of death among elderly people. METHODS We studied 518,240 couples who were enrolled in Medicare in 1993. We used Cox regression analysis and fixed-effects (case-time-control) methods to assess hospitalizations and deaths dur...

OBJECTIVE In the population-based Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) cohort, we sought to examine whether a decline in the prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was evident with increasing calendar year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis among people followed for 25 years. Factors associated with the hazard of incident ESRD that may mediate a decline we...

OBJECTIVE A previous 12-year follow-up of a large diabetes cohort in Taiwan suggested a survival advantage in the patients with obesity. The present study further investigated additional determinants for cancer and non-cancer death in the cohort after a follow-up of 17 years. METHODS A cohort of 92546 diabetes patients recruited since 1995 was followed for vital status by matching the Nationa...

in this paper, we propose and study exp-kumaraswamy distribution. some of its properties  are derived, including the density function, hazard rate function, quantile function, moments,  skewness  and kurtosis.   adata set isused to illustrate an application of the proposed distribution. also, we obtain a new distribution by transformation onexp-kumaraswamy distribution.   new distribution is an...

BACKGROUND In individuals without known cardiovascular disease, elevated body mass index (BMI) (weight/height2) is associated with an increased risk of death. However, in patients with certain specific chronic diseases, including heart failure, low BMI has been associated with increased mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the influence of BMI on prognosis using Cox proportional hazards...

BACKGROUND An attenuated heart rate recovery after exercise has been shown to be predictive of mortality. In prior studies, recovery heart rates were measured while patients were exercising lightly, that is, during a cool-down period. It is not known whether heart rate recovery predicts mortality when measured in the absence of a cool-down period or after accounting for left ventricular systoli...

BACKGROUND The long-term effects of treatment with sirolimus-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents, have not been established. METHODS We performed an analysis of individual data on 4958 patients enrolled in 14 randomized trials comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with bare-metal stents (mean follow-up interval, 12.1 to 58.9 months). The primary end point was death from any cause....

BACKGROUND Appropriate use criteria (AUC) have been developed to aid in the optimal use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), a technique that is a mainstay of risk assessment for ischemic heart disease. The impact of appropriate use on the prognostic value of SPECT-MPI is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective cohort study of 1511 conse...

BACKGROUND The use of multiple antithrombotic drugs and aggressive invasive strategies has increased the risk of major bleeding in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. It is not known to what extent bleeding determines clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Cox proportional-hazards modeling, we examined the association between bleeding and death or ischemic events in 34,146 patients w...