Plastic changes in the efficacy of synapses are widely regarded to represent mechanisms underlying memory formation. So far, evidence for learning-dependent, new neuronal wiring is limited. In this study, we demonstrate that pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in adult mice can induce robust axonal growth and synapse formation in the cerebellar nuclei. This de novo wiring is both condition specific...

Secretin, a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system, has been implicated in the etiology of autism. Our laboratory previously demonstrated the expression of secretin and its receptors in specific central neurons, and found for the first time that secretin is neuroactive in the cerebellum. We showed that bath application of secretin facilitated the release of GABA from terminals of basket...

Secretin, a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system, has been implicated in the etiology of autism. Our laboratory previously demonstrated the expression of secretin and its receptors in specific central neurons, and found for the first time that secretin is neuroactive in the cerebellum. We showed that bath application of secretin facilitated the release of GABA from terminals of basket...

Because of the high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, an attempt was made to enhance GABAergic transmission in patients with cerebellar disease. Maximum tolerated doses of sodium valproate, a drug which inhibits the degradation of GABA, failed to influence cerebellar deficits in a double blind crossover study on six patients.

To cite: Sandip S, Afshan I, Khandelwal RK. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015212609 DESCRIPTION Metronidazole, a commonly used antimicrobial drug, is rarely known to cause encephalopathy irrespective of dose and duration of intake. It poses a diagnostic challenge clinically because of its rarity. MR is an important adjunct in diagnosing this con...

The role of cerebellar Kv3.1 and Kv3.3 channels in motor coordination was examined with an emphasis on the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Kv3 channel subunits encoded by Kcnc genes are distinguished by rapid activation and deactivation kinetics that support high-frequency, narrow action potential firing. Previously we reported that increased lateral deviation while ambulating and slips while tra...

Integrins are a diverse family of heterodimeric (alphabeta) adhesion receptors recently shown to be concentrated within synapses and involved in the consolidation of long-term potentiation. Whether neuronal types or anatomical systems in the adult rat brain are coded by integrin type was studied in the present experiments by mapping the relative densities of mRNAs for nine alpha and four beta s...

The most medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei, the fastigial nucleus (FN), receives sensory vestibular information and direct inhibition from the cerebellar vermis. We investigated the signal processing in the primate FN by recording single-unit activities during translational motion, rotational motion, and eye movements. Firing rate modulation during horizontal plane translation in the absence...

The Valsalva maneuver, a test frequently used to evaluate autonomic function, recruits discrete neural sites. The time courses of neural recruitment relative to accompanying cardiovascular and breathing patterns are unknown. We examined functional magnetic resonance imaging signal changes within the brain to repeated Valsalva maneuvers and correlated these changes with physiological trends. In ...

Temporal coding of spike-times using oscillatory mechanisms allied to spike-time dependent plasticity could represent a powerful mechanism for neuronal communication. However, it is unclear how temporal coding is constructed at the single neuronal level. Here we investigate a novel class of highly regular, metronome-like neurones in the rat brainstem which form a major source of cerebellar affe...