This work describes the optimization of cryogenic treatment (CT) parameters such as the cooling rate, the soaking temperature, the soaking time, the tempering temperature and the tempering time to maximise the tool wear of high speed steel tools in dry turning of AISI 316 grade austenitic stainless steels by Taguchi method. For this purpose, four iteration of Taguchi design (L16) have been used...

Measurements of the heat capacity by quasi-adiabatic, intermittent energy increments from 5 to 350 K show small high heat-capacity anomalies near 7 and 10 K which are attributed to superconducting transitions seen by magnetic measurements on the same carefully synthesized and well-characterized sample of (Hf0.934Zr0.057)(N0.97). Although no previous heat capacity measurements over the cryogenic...

Ahshact-The heat capacity of synthetic andradite garnet (Ca~Fe&Oir) was measured between 9.6 and 365.5 K by cryogenic adiabatic calorimetry and from 340 to 990 K by differential scanning calorimetry. At 298.15 KC&,, and Sz arc 351.9 + 0.7 and 316.4 rf: 2.0 J/(mol-K), respectively. Andradite has a X-peak in Ci, with a maximum at 11.7 t 0.2 K which is presumably associated with the antiferromagne...

Boron steels are a group of that stand out with their high wear resistance and hardenability. In this study, 33MnCrB5-2 boron steel was shaped by applying hot forging process. After the process, microstructure examinations mechanical tests materials were carried out. A cryogenically treated at -80 °C for 2 hours. Then, different austenitized 890 quenched, then tempered 400 90 minutes. last mate...

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Gallium arsenide junction field-effect transistors (GaAs JFETs) can be made immune to carrier freeze-out, making such transistors useful for the readout of detector arrays that operate at 4 K. Typical applications require transistors with very low noise and extremely low leakage current. By using a recently developed etchant for GaAs that is highly isotropic, etched GaAs JFETs have fabricated t...

Chilldown or quenching is a complicated process that initiates the cryogenic fluid line transport, and it involves unsteady two-phase heat and mass transfer. To advance our understanding of this process, we have reviewed recent experimental investigations. The chilldown process can be generally divided into three regimes: film boiling, transition boiling and nucleate boiling, and each regime is...

A multi-tube, spirally-wound, cryogenic heat exchanger, the main heat exchanger (MHE) is the principal piece of heat-transfer equipment in mixed-refrigerant liquefaction cycles for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG). An MHE unit operation model called the spirally-wound tube-bundle module was developed as an integral component of the dynamic simulation capabilities for a process modeling pac...