Abstract In the Philippines and other developing countries, the skin whitening industry is prolific and expanding among native populations. However, this desire for white skin has dire health repercussions, both physical and psychological. Many researchers in the field of Filipino-American psychology attribute this desire for whiter skin to the American colonial rule of the Philippines, which b...

The gradual “whitening” of Puerto Rico over the course of the twentieth century is often noted in scholarly, journalistic, and popular descriptions of the island’s population. In 1899, a year after Puerto Rico came under U.S. dominion, the census reported that 62 percent of the population was white; by the year 2000, according to official census results, the white proportion of the Puerto Rican...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of whitening strips on bovine dentin fatigue resistance and flexural strength in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of eighty bovine dentin specimens (2x2x17mm) were treated with either: control glycerine gel on plastic film wrap or whitening strips containing 9.5% hydrogen peroxide. Treatment was applied for 30 minutes, twice a day, for 1- or 4-weeks. Aft...

BACKGROUND Extrinsic staining of teeth may result from the deposition of a variety of pigments into or onto the tooth surface, which originate mainly from diet or from tobacco use. More recently, clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of some chewing gums in removing extrinsic tooth staining. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two nicotine medicated chewing gums (...

In this paper, we propose a novel joint semi-blind channel and data estimation technique based on Whitening Rotation (WR) method for Rayleigh flat fading Multiple Input Multiple output (MIMO) channel using different receiver antennas combinations. Here we divide newly proposed technique in three steps. In the first step, we use conventional Whitening Rotation based semi-blind channel estimation...