In oligopolistic industries firms face at least two types of uncertainty. First, there is uncertainty about the evolution of demand and possibly also production technology. This type of uncertainty is typically exogenous to the industry. Second, there is uncertainty that emerges endogenously from the strategic decisions of firms. This strategic uncertainty often arises because a firm does not k...

Demand patterns for products with short life cycles or seasonal demand do not follow a discernible pattern for individual sales events and seasons due to uncertainty associated with effectiveness of product promotions, willingness of major retailers to carry product and their support, competition, and other unforeseen marketplace events/factors. These atypical demand patterns can be volatile an...

In this paper, the minimum channel gain flow with uncertainty in the demand vector is examined. The approach is based on a transformation of uncertainty in the demand vector to uncertainty in the gain vector. OFDM systems are known to overcome the impairment of the wireless channel by splitting the given system bandwidth into parallel sub-carriers, on which data-symbols can be transmitted simul...

Abstract: When a firm must choose price and output before observing demand and therefore risks unsold output, the standard mark-up rule applies with the elasticity being the elasticity of the average quantity sold with respect to price and marginal cost being the marginal cost of an expected unit sold, computed as the marginal cost of a unit produced divided by the expected fraction of the marg...

Agricultural supply chain (ASC) plays a vital role for sustainability as it is the main source of food supply. ASC encounters more sources risk due to seasonality, perishability, and weather conditions, which makes global security system complex. This paper develops an optimization model perishable product decide optimal management strategy that maximizes decision maker's expected profit under ...