There are several ways that can be done to prevent the transmission of Covid-19, one which is by spraying disinfectant in surrounding environment and objects at risk transmitting virus. Making your own home actually using ingredients household cleaning products. However, many people from Panca Jaya village, Muara Kaman sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara district, still don't know how make a disinf...

Radiography plays a very important role in medical diagnosis but the equipment and accessories used bear a considerable risk of harbouring nosocomial bacteria which may complicate patient’s original condition. The aim of the study was to identify the nosocomial bacteria commonly found on x-ray equipment and accessories in this locality and assess the effectiveness of some common chemical disinf...

Dead-end sections of drinking water distribution networks are known to be problematic zones in terms of water quality degradation. Extended residence time due to water stagnation leads to rapid reduction of disinfectant residuals allowing the regrowth of microbial pathogens. Water quality models developed so far apply spatial aggregation and temporal averaging techniques for hydraulic parameter...