buprenorphine (subutex) has been used to treat opioid dependency in the past 16 years. subutex (or buprenorphine hydrochloride) was approved by the singapore's ministry of health (moh) in 2000 as a substitution treatment for opiate-dependent drug abusers within the framework of medical, social and psychological treatments. it was subsequently introduced into the singapore market in 2002. i...

Nonlinearities in the drift and diffusion coefficients influence temporal dependence in scalar diffusion models. We study this link using two notions of temporal dependence: β − mixing and ρ − mixing. We show that β − mixing and ρ − mixing with exponential decay are essentially equivalent concepts for scalar diffusions. For stationary diffusions that fail to be ρ−mixing, we show that they are s...

Nonlinearities in the drift and diffusion coefficients influence temporal dependence in scalar diffusion models. We study this link using two notions of temporal dependence: β − mixing and ρ − mixing. We show that β − mixing and ρ − mixing with exponential decay are essentially equivalent concepts for scalar diffusions. For stationary diffusions that fail to be ρ−mixing, we show that they are s...

The concept of dependence among variables in a Bayesian belief network is well understood, but what does it mean in an influence diagram where some of those variables are decisions? There are three quite different answers to this question that take the familiar concepts for uncertain variables and extend them to decisions. First is responsiveness, whether the choice for a decision affects anoth...

To address today’s market demands for continuous enhancement of systems capabilities, software producing organisations have increasingly formed or joined software ecosystems. In these complex and networked settings, they define partnerships to complement each other’s features, acquire new skills, divide R&D costs and share customers. Such business model entails mutual dependence on companies fo...

This paper gathers recent results in the analysis of multivariate extreme values and illustrates their actuarial application. We review basic and essential background on univariate extreme value theory and stochastic dependence and then provide an introduction to multivariate extreme value theory. We present important concepts for the analysis of multivariate extreme values and collect research...

The amide I and II bands in myoglobin show a heterogeneous temperature dependence, with bands at 6.17 and 6.43 microm which are more intense at low temperatures. The amide I band temperature dependence is on the long wavelength edge of the band, while the short wavelength side has almost no temperature dependence. We compare concepts of anharmonic solid-state crystal physics and chemical physic...

In a large-scale production system such as building a Boeing 777 airplane, there are more than ten thousand jobs. The interdependence structure among jobs and some jobs’ delay’s influence on the other jobs in different manufacturing areas are critical information to understand the status of their area. Relationship among groups of jobs may help us find the root cause of problems, to estimate re...

II. Focus on Innateness: a. Central issue: the relation of the mental items in question and experience. b. Broadly construed, how are mental items tied to experience? i. Are all relevant mental items derived from experience? That is, do all relevant mental items depend on experience? ii. Empiricist: All relevant mental items are derived from (depend on) experience. c. Notions of ‘Dependence’ i....